Disruption of the SC3 gene in the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune affected not only formation of aerial hyphae but also attachment to hydrophobic surfaces. However, these processes were not completely abolished, indicating involvement of other molecules. We here show that the SC15 protein mediates formation of aerial hyphae and attachment in the absence of SC3. SC15 is a secreted protein of...

Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual propagation in plants. A wide range of plants develop rhizomes, modified stems that grow underground horizontally, as a means of vegetative reproduction. In rhizomatous species, despite their distinct developmental patterns, both rhizomes and aerial shoots derive from axillary buds. Therefore, it is of interest to understand the basis of rhizome init...

The advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and wireless sensor technology made it possible to deploy aerial networks and to collect information in three dimensional (3D) space. These aerial networks enable high quality observation of events as multiple UAVs coordinate and communicate for data collection. The positioning of UAVs in aerial networks is critical for effective coverage of the env...

Advances in control engineering and material science made it possible to develop small-scale unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with cameras and sensors. These UAVs enable us to obtain a bird’s eye view of the environment. Having access to an aerial view over large areas is helpful in disaster situations, where often only incomplete and inconsistent information is available to the rescue ...

Digital aerial cameras are ready to become the predominant sensor for photogrammetric image acquisition. One among a few others is the ULTRACAMD large format digital aerial camera of Vexcel Imaging, which was introduced in May 2003. Besides the optical and electrical properties of an aerial camera system, the environment for tasks like the mission planning, aircraft guidance, sensor management ...

This paper presents the autonomous micro aerial vehicle pilot, a new autopilot platform weighing 6.25 g and measuring 11.3 cm2, specifically designed for use on micro/miniature aerial vehicle mobile sensing platforms. An overview of the hardware, firmware, ground station, and validation testing used to demonstrate this autopilot as a viable research instrument for atmospheric thermodynamic sens...

Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (IMI 330189) can produce at least three spore types in vitro ; blastospores, submerged conidia, and aerial conidia, as defined by culturing conditions, sporogenesis, and spore morphology. This study compares morphological characteristics (dimensions and cell wall structure), chemical properties of cell wall surfaces (charge, hydrophobicity, and lectin binding...

A variety of applications exist for aerial 3D reconstruction, ranging from the production of digital surface models (DSMs) and digital terrain models (DTMs) to the creation of true orthophoto and full 3D models of urban scenes that can be visualized through the web. In this paper we present an automated end-to-end workflow to create digital surface models from large scale and highly overlapping...

The apparent position, size, and shape of aerial objects viewed binocularly from water change as a result of the refraction of light at the water surface. Earlier studies of the refraction-distorted structure of the aerial binocular visual field of underwater observers were restricted to either vertically or horizontally oriented eyes. Here we calculate the position of the binocular image point...

accelerated aerial mycelium formation in various actinomycete species, including S. alboniger. This induction was completely inhibited by ethylene glycol bis(/?-aminoethylether)-JV,N,N ',N '-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a Ca2+-specific chelating agent. Ca2+ thus has been shown to play a role in aerial mycelium formation of 21 (58%) out of 36 strains of actinomycetes tested3). Ca2+ is known as a sec...