Principles of cardiovascular physiology tell us that during cardiac arrest and CPR, forward flow of blood can be generated by external compression or decompression of either the chest or the abdomen. Standard CPR utilizes only one of these modes--chest compression--and generates roughly 1 L/min forward flow in an adult human, which is 20% of normal cardiac output. IAC-CPR uses two of these mode...

Correspondence Adjuncts to caudal blockade in children Editor—We read with great interest the editorial by Lön-nqvist 1 regarding caudal additives. The author gives an excellent description of the chronological development of caudal adjuncts. Nevertheless, we were somewhat surprised by his affirmations regarding caudal neostigmine. The author claims that two studies are proof enough to show tha...

Anabolic agents as adjuncts to nutrition support therapy have been used to improve malnutrition and establish anabolism. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and anabolic steroids have been studied for their potential to reverse the catabolic process and promote anabolism. This paper reviews several anabolic agents and their possible role in nutrition support therapy.

BACKGROUND During thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery, decreased spinal cord perfusion can result in neurological deficits such as paraplegia and paraparesis. Distal aortic perfusion, alone or in combination with other adjuncts, may counter the decrease in spinal cord perfusion and hence reduce the risk of spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of distal aor...