This paper presents a novel model to assess the risk of adjacent buildings in tunnelling environments based on Extended Cloud Model (ECM). ECM is an organic integration of Extension Theory (ET) and Cloud Model (CM), where ET is appropriately employed to flexibly expand the variable range from [0, 1] to (-∞, +∞), and CM is used to overcome the randomness and fuzziness during the gradation of eva...

In order to ensure the safety and stability of existing old masonry structure houses in process dewatering excavation super deep foundation pit subway, support form a water stop curtain combined with bored cast-in-place piles internal is adopted, rotary jet grouting are constructed around houses, sleeve valve pipes embedded, soil house grouted strengthened. The deformation building analyzed by ...

High-resolution satellite imagery provides an important new data source for building extraction. We demonstrate an integrated strategy for identifying buildings in 1-meter resolution satellite imagery of urban areas. Buildings are extracted using structural, contextual, and spectral information. First, a series of geodesic opening and closing operations are used to build a differential morpholo...

Accurate 3D surface models in urban areas are essential for a variety of applications, such as visualization, GIS, and mobile communications. Since manual surface reconstruction is very costly and time consuming, the development of automated algorithms is of great importance. On the other hand LIDAR data is a relatively new technology for obtaining Digital Surface Models (DSM) of the earth’s su...

In this paper, a control strategy to reduce the vibrational response of adjacent buildings under seismic excitation is presented. The proposed strategy combines passive linking elements with an active decentralized H∞ control system. The overall active-passive control system admits decentralized design and operation, and achieves an excellent vibrational reduction when the active control system...

Regional geologic mapping and gravity data reveal a variety of characteristics that must be accounted for in models for the formation and evolution of Western Ishtar Terra and Lakshmi Planurn, including: 1) high elevation, 2) plateau-shaped profile, 3) abnormally steep bounding slopes, 4) foredeeps, 5) polygonal outline, 6) adjacent orogenic belts, 7) volcanic plains, 8) plains emplaced synchro...

Pile heat exchangers – where heat transfer pipes are cast into the building piled foundations – offer an opportunity to use ground energy systems without the additional construction costs related to the provision of special purpose heat exchangers. However, analysis methods for pile heat exchangers are still under development. In particular there is an absence of available methods and guidance ...

The aim of the present work is to propose a model for the estimation of lead concentration in grasses using urban descriptors easily accessible and to study the specific effect of each descriptor on lead concentration. Six descriptors were considered: the density of vegetation, the vegetation height, wind velocity, height of building, distance of adjacent street, traffic volume. Lead concentrat...

The polymeric structure of the title compound, {[Ca2(C6H2N2O4)2(H2O)6]·2H2O} n , is built up of mol-ecular layers composed of Ca(II) ions bridged by both ligand N and O atoms with one of the O atoms being bis-monodentate. Two adjacent Ca(II) ions are bridged by these O atoms, forming a centrosymmetric dimer which is the building unit of the structure. The dimers are nodes of a cross-linked mol-...

During earthquake buildings which are closely spaced vibrate out of phase if there is insufficient distance between two adjacent building to accommodate maximum lateral displacement, they collide with each other this phenomenon is called as pounding. Pounding leads to verse damages to structure as the responses are drastically increased in terms of base shear, absolute acceleration, impact forc...