the effects of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline–ethanol blends on engine performance and pollutant emissions were investigated experimentally in a single cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine with variable engine speeds (2600–3500 rpm). four different blends on a volume basis were applied. these are e0 (0% ethanol + 100% unleaded gasoline), e3 (3% ethanol + 97% unleaded gasoline), ...

The consistency of quantum adiabatic theorem has been doubted recently. It is shown in the present paper, that the difference between the adiabatic solution and the exact solution to the Schrödinger equation with a slowly changing driving Hamiltonian is small; while the difference between their time derivatives is not small. This explains why substituting the adiabatic solution back into Schröd...

Applying asymptotic methods to a previously derived system of ordinary differential equations, we present an analytical description of the slow ~average! dynamics of self-similar breathing pulses propagating in fiber links with dispersion management. We derive asymptotic averaged quantities ~adiabatic invariants! that characterize the stable pulse propagation. In a particular, but practically i...

The adiabatic magnetization of a superconductor is a cooling principle proposed in the 1930s, which has remained mostly unexploited so far. Here we present a detailed dynamic description of the effect, computing the achievable final temperatures as well as the process time scales for different superconductors in various regimes. We show that, although in the experimental conditions explored so ...

hydrogen is seen as one of the important energy carriers of the future with potential to reduce local as well as global warming. the main by-product of the combustion of hydrogen in air is water vapor and trace quantities of oxides of nitrogen. an experiment was conducted to study the impact of hydrogen/natural gas blends on performance, thermodynamic efficiency and exhaust gas emissions in a r...

-The Power dissipation in conventional CMOS circuits can be minimized through adiabatic technique. By adiabatic technique dissipation in PMOS network can be minimized and some of energy stored at load capacitance can be recycled instead of dissipated as heat. But the adiabatic technique is highly dependent on parameter variation.With the help of TANNER simulations, the energy consumption is ana...

with the Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China. M Pedram is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA 90089, USA. Adiabatic CMOS Circuit Design: Principles and Examples X. Wu, G. Hang, and M. Pedram Abstract: In view of changing the type of energy conve...

We analyze the efficiency of quantum Otto cycle applied to a superconducting cavity. consider its description in terms full scalar field one-dimensional cavity with time dependent boundary condition that can be externally controlled perform and extract work unitarily from system. study performance this machine when acting as heat engine well refrigerator. It is shown that, non-adiabatic regime,...

The topological particle is first quantized and its spectrum is found to be given by the de Rahm cohomogy ring of the target manifold. Morse theoretic arguments are used to show how this topological spectrum depends on the gauge fixing. A supermanifold formalism is introduced which leads to the generalized Donaldson invariants. It is found that the BRST symmetry cannot be spontaneously or dynam...