Although mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress have long been observed in cancer cells, their role in promoting malignant cell behavior remains unclear. Here, we show that perturbation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in breast cancer cells leads to a generation of subclones of cells with increased ROS, active proliferation, high cellular motility, and invasiv...

Cell motility in higher organisms (eukaryotes) is crucial to biological functions ranging from wound healing to immune response, and also implicated in diseases such as cancer. For cells crawling on hard surfaces, significant insights into motility have been gained from experiments replicating such motion in vitro. Such experiments show that crawling uses a combination of actin treadmilling (po...

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses two class V myosins to transport cellular material into the bud: Myo2p moves secretory vesicles and organelles, whereas Myo4p transports mRNA. To understand how Myo2p and Myo4p are adapted to transport physically distinct cargos, we characterize Myo2p and Myo4p in yeast extracts, purify active Myo2p and Myo4p from yeast lysates, and analyze their motility...

Background: Herbal plants often contain active pharmacological compounds they are commonly used for the treatment and prevention of different diseases. Objectives The present study was aimed to identify the effects of different concentrationsof Erucasativa extraction (ESE) on human sperm motility for infertile male in vitro. Methods: Thirty five semen samples were obtained from men (mean age 27...

AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), a protein that regulates energy balance and metabolism, has recently been identified in boar spermatozoa where regulates key functional sperm processes essential for fertilization. This work's aims are AMPK identification, intracellular localization, and their role in human spermatozoa function. Semen was obtained from healthy human donors. Sperm AMPK and phospho-Th...

Background The quality of semen depends upon several factors such as environment, life style, physical activity, age, and occupation. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the conventional and functional semen parameters in men practicing vigorous physical activity to those of sedentary men. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive cross-sectional study, semen samples of 17 physic...

The goal of this study was to identify new compounds from venoms able to modulate sperm physiology and more particularly sperm motility. For this purpose, we screened the effects of 16 snake venoms cleared of molecules higher than 15 kDa on sperm motility. Venoms rich in neurotoxins like those from Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus or Daboia russelii, were highly potent inhibitors of sperm moti...

Mouse sperm produce enough ATP to sustain motility by anaerobic glycolysis and respiration. However, previous studies indicated that an active glycolytic pathway is required to achieve normal sperm function and identified glycolysis as the main source of ATP to fuel the motility of mouse sperm. All the available evidence has been gathered from the studies performed using the laboratory mouse. H...

We study interacting active Brownian particles (ABPs) with a space-dependent swim velocity via simulation and theory. find that, although an equation of state exists, mechanical equilibrium does not apply to ABPs in activity landscapes. The pressure difference originates the flux polar order gradient across interface between regions different activity. In contrast motility-induced phase separat...

Sea ice is an analog environment for several of astrobiology's near-term targets: Mars, Europa, Enceladus, and perhaps other Jovian or Saturnian moons. Microorganisms, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, remain active within brine channels inside the ice, making it unnecessary to penetrate through to liquid water below in order to detect life. We have developed a submersible digital holographic mi...