Purified human PMNs secrete plasminogen activator. This secretion is stimulated by Con A and low concentrations of PMA, and is inhibited by low concentrations of glucocorticoids, and by cAMP, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide. In contrast, the release of granule-bound enzymes, such as elastase, is achieved only at higher concentrations of PMA, and is not affected by any of the inhibitors that bl...

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The Choice Between Fixed and Random Effects Models: Some Considerations for Educational Research We discuss fixed and random effects models in the context of educational research and set out the assumptions behind the two approaches. To illustrate the issues, we analyse the determinants of pupil achievement in primary school, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. ...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are central in maintaining the intricate balance between immunity and tolerance by orchestrating adaptive immune responses. Being the most potent antigen presenting cells, DCs are capable of educating naïve T cells into a wide variety of effector cells ranging from immunogenic CD4(+) T helper cells and cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells to tolerogenic regulatory T cells. This educat...

In studies of subjective well-being, economists and other researchers typically use a fixed or random effect estimation to control for unobservable heterogeneity across individuals. Such individual heterogeneity, although substantially reducing the estimated effect of many characteristics, is little understood. This paper shows that personality measures can account for 20% of this heterogeneity...

Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) is an invariant activatory receptor present on subsets of natural killer and T lymphocytes. It stimulates the cytolytic effector response upon engagement of its various stress-induced ligands NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL). Malignant transformation and conditioning treatment prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are stress factors leading to the acti...

Recruitment of the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) by the plasma membrane-associated adapter protein downstream of kinase 3 (Dok-3) attenuates signals transduced by the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Here we describe molecular details of Dok-3/Grb2 signal integration and function, showing that the Lyn-dependent activation of the BCR transducer kinase Syk is attenuated by Dok-3/Grb...

Macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity of untreated mice do not ordinarily synthesize plasminogen activator. However, induction of enzyme synthesis and secretion occurs when such macrophages are cultured in presence of conditioned medium from Con A-stimulated spleen cells. Plasminogen activator production by macrophages from endotoxin or thioglycollate medium-injected mice, which spont...

The WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein)/SCAR (suppressor of cAMP receptor) family of adaptor proteins regulate actin polymerization by coupling Rho-family GTPases to the activation of the Arp2/3 complex. SCAR exists within a complex of proteins, including Nap1 (Nck-associated protein 1), PIR121 (p53-inducible mRNA 121), Abi2 (Abl-interactor 2) and HSPC300. This complex was first reported to...

Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common complication following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Genetic determinants in the host and donor that may influence the rate of reactivation are currently unknown. Viral replication is controlled by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and these share expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). We analyzed whether activato...