Six hundred and twelve monoclonal Ig (MIg) were studied for their antibody activity against the following autoantigens: actin, tubulin, thyroglobulin, myosin, myoglobin, fetuin, albumin, transferrin, and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Of these 612 MIg, 36 (i.e., 5.75%) were shown to possess antibody activity. Thirty-two of these 36 (5.22% of the total) were mainly directed against actin. The four...

In a survey on the biodiversity of Penicillium species in soils of the National Park of Urmia Lake (NW Iran), eight Penicillium isolates were isolated as members of the section Citrina. Based on a combination of cultural and morphological criteria, the isolates were identified as Penicillium anatolicum, P. sanguifluum,and P. sizovae. The identity of each species was further confirmed using sequ...

The structure of the unique bacterial tubulin BtubA/B from Prosthecobacter is very similar to eukaryotic αβ-tubulin but, strikingly, BtubA/B fold without eukaryotic chaperones. Our sequence comparisons indicate that BtubA and BtubB do not really correspond to either α- or β-tubulin but have mosaic sequences with intertwining features from both. Their nucleotide-binding loops are more conserved,...

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a powerful technique for measuring and evaluating gene expressions during different biological processes. To facilitate gene expression studies, normalization with respect to stable housekeeping genes (HKGs) is mandatory. T he western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), the main vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), ...

The monomer-polymer equilibria for tubulin and actin were analyzed for the cytoskeleton of the squid giant axon. Two methods were evaluated for measuring the concentrations of monomer, soluble (equilibrium) polymer, and stable polymer in extruded axoplasm. One method, the Kinetic Equilibration Paradigm ( KEP ), employs the basic principles of diffusion to distinguish freely diffusible monomer f...

The study investigated the clinical significance of RRM1 (ribonucleoside reductase subunit M1), TUBB3 (tubulin-β-III), TOP2A (DNA topoisomerase II), CYP19A1 (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) and CYP2D6 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6) for the diagnosis and possible predictive roles in breast cancer. Tissue microarray detected the expression of RRM1,...

Ninefold microtubule symmetry of the eukaryotic basal body and motile axoneme has been long established [1–3]. In Drosophila, these organelles contain distinct but similar β-tubulin isoforms [4–10]: basal bodies contain only β1-tubulin, and only β2-tubulin is used for assembly of sperm axonemes. A single α-tubulin functions throughout spermatogenesis [11,12]. Thus, differences in organelle asse...

Autoimmune inner ear disease is described as progressive, bilateral although asymmetric, sensorineural hearing loss and can be improved by immunosuppressive therapy. We showed that the inner ear autoantigen β-tubulin is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune hearing loss (EAHL) in mice. Immunization of BALB/c mice with β-tubulin resulted in hair cell loss and hearing loss, effects that wer...

Background 3D-cell cultures are closer to in vivo conditions than the monolayers. There different culture models, most relevant is Cerebral Organoids (CO) model (Lancaster et al. 2014), it can show complex processes and proved molecular structural changes when modeling Alzheimer´s disease (AD), other diseases. One of main limitations using this requirement for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iP...

introduction: to evaluate the camp -mediated ibmx (3-isobutyle -1-methyl xanthin) and db-camp (dibutyryl camp) effects on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hescs) into nerve cells were the objectives of this study. methods: we have used royan h1 hesc- derived embryoid bodies with four treatment groups: six days treatment with ibmx (5×10 -4m) and db-camp (10 -9m) (referred to as cam...