This study deals with the issue of copper separation from acidic etching solutions formed during process production printed circuit boards (PCBs) for electrical and electronic industries. The article describes selected methods summarizes results an experiment, in which efficiency recovery depleted acid by cementation precipitation method was verified. In cementation, iron form metallic swarf us...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate micro-shear bond strength and morphological analysis of a self-etching primer adhesive system to fluorosed enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted human molars were classified according to the severity of fluorosis using Thylstrup and Fejerskov index into four groups (TFI: 0, normal; 1-3, mild fluorosis; 3-6, moderate fluorosis; 6-7, severe fluoro...

PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective randomized controlled clinical study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a "mild" two-step self-etching adhesive, Clearfil SE, in Class V restorations after 5 years of clinical functioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients received two or four restorations following two randomly assigned experimental protocols: (1) a mild self-etching ...

The in vitro dentin permeability of the constituents of two types of conventional phosphoric acid etching agents which had different viscosities, and their pH changes after being permeated dentin were investigated. It was recognized that, even though the etching was for a short time (one minute) followed by rinsing, the etching agents were still detected in the dentinal tubules which had permea...

We demonstrate GaAs pillar array-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) with axial p-in junctions fabricated using a room-temperature metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) method. Variations in vertical etch rates for all three doping types of GaAs are investigated as a function of etching temperature, oxidant/acid concentration ratio, and dilution of the etching solution. Control over nanopill...

objectives: this study aimed to assess the effect of re-etching of desensitized dentin for five and 10 seconds on marginal microleakage of composite restorations. materials and methods: class v cavities (4x2x2mm) were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 64 third molars and randomly divided into four groups of 16. in the control group, single bond (sb) adhesive was applied after etching. in bb+sb...

objectives: this in-vitro study aimed to compare the push-out bond strength of composite to prepared and unprepared intracanal dentin using a 5th generation bonding agent in primary anterior teeth after etching for seven and 15 seconds. materials and methods: sixty primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into four groups. in groups one and two, intracanal dentin remained intact while in gr...

The present study aimed to evaluate the removal torque of titanium implants treated with triple acid etching. Twenty-one rats were used in this study. For all animals, the tibia was prepared with a 2 mm drill, and a titanium implant (2 × 4 mm) was inserted after treatment using the subtraction method of triple acid etching. The flaps were sutured. Seven animals were killed 14, 28, and 63 days a...

Ti6Al4V samples, obtained by selective laser melting (SLM), were subjected to successive treatments: acid etching, chemical oxidation in hydrogen peroxide solution and thermochemical processing. The effect of temperature time etching on the surface roughness, morphology, topography phase composition after treatment was studied. surfaces characterized scanning electron microscopy, energy dispers...

Niobium cavity is an important component of the integrated NC/SC high-power linacs. Over the years researchers in several countries have tested various cavity shapes. They concluded that elliptically shaped cells and buffered chemical polishing produce good results. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of chemical etching on the surface quality and to optimize this process. Chemic...