1. Should Brfinsted-Lowry's acid-base definitions be adopted or should the term acid-base balance be synonymous with the term electrolyte balance? 2. Are the relevant parameters pH, Pcoz and actual bicarbonate, or is it preferable to have a more direct measure for the accumulation of nonvolatile acid or base than the bicarbonate value, such as, for instance, standard bicarbonate, buffer base, o...

Since the topic of the role of the kidneys in the regulation of acid-base balance was last reviewed from a teaching perspective (Koeppen BM. Renal regulation of acid-base balance. Adv Physiol Educ 20: 132-141, 1998), our understanding of the specific membrane transporters involved in H(+), HCO(3)(-), and NH(4)(+) transport, and especially how these transporters are regulated in response to syst...

OBJECTIVES End-organ function, especially of the kidney and liver, actual inflammation and acid-base balance affect the outcome in extracorporeal life support (ECLS) patients. However, the often unexpected necessity of ECLS implies that information on patients is scarce. Even established global scores are not always useful in the rapid decision process for ECLS. Therefore, we evaluated laborato...

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Disorders of acid-base balance are among the most common abnormalities seen, especially in critically ill and injured patients. While many disorders are benign or self-limiting, severe disorders of acid-base balance are life threatening, especially when these derangements develop quickly. Although controversy exists as to the effect of mild to moderate acid-base disorders, severe abnormalities ...

Ionic regulation and acid-base balance are fundamental to the physiology of vertebrates including fish. Acidification of freshwater ecosystems is recognized as a global environmental problem, and the physiological responses to acid exposure in a few fish species are well characterized. However, the underlying mechanisms promoting ionic and acid-base balance for most fish species that have been ...