OBJECTIVE To determine long-term outcome of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of microcystic lymphatic malformation (LM) of the oral cavity for control of recurrent infection and bleeding. DESIGN Institutional review board-approved retrospective study, SETTING Tertiary pediatric medical center, PATIENTS Twenty-six patients with intraoral microcystic LM were treated with RF ablation from August...

BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) causes substantial pain and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL). Although opioid analgesics are commonly used, the relative benefits of different opioids are poorly studied. Transdermal buprenorphine (TDB) offers an alternative to oral opioids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic pain. This observational study of people with OA pain assessed s...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prescribing of analgesic agents in a defined South African patient population. DESIGN Retrospective drug utilisation study. SETTING Prescribing behaviour of a sample of 50 dispensing doctors in Port Elizabeth. Data were obtained from a medical aid which used a formulary system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage of central nervous system drugs that analgesics co...

BACKGROUND The analgesic co-proxamol (paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination) has been widely involved in fatal poisoning. Concerns about its safety/effectiveness profile and widespread use for suicidal poisoning prompted its withdrawal in the UK in 2005, with partial withdrawal between 2005 and 2007, and full withdrawal in 2008. Our objective in this study was to assess the association bet...

OBJECTIVES To explore prescribing practitioners' perspectives on prescribed codeine use, their ability to identify dependence and their options for treatment in the UK. DESIGN Cross-sectional design using a questionnaire containing closed-ended and open-ended items. SETTING A nationally representative sample of prescribing professionals working in the UK. PARTICIPANTS 300 prescribing prof...

Codeine is widely prescribed in clinical settings for the relief of pain and non-productive coughs. Common adverse drug reactions to codeine include constipation, euphoria, nausea, and drowsiness. However, there have been few reports of serious adverse reactions after codeine ingestion in adults. Here, we present a case of severe anaphylaxis after oral ingestion of a therapeutic dose of codeine...

OBJECTIVES To examine trends in codeine-related mortality rates in Australia, and the clinical and toxicological characteristics of codeine-related deaths. DESIGN AND SETTING Analysis of prospectively collected data from the National Coronial Information System on deaths where codeine toxicity was determined to be an underlying or contributory cause of death. The study period was 2000-2013. ...

BACKGROUND Neonates are commonly exposed to maternal codeine through breast milk. Central Nervous System (CNS) depression has been reported in up to 24% of nurslings following codeine exposure. In 2009, we developed guidelines to improve the safety of codeine use during breastfeeding based on previously established pharmacogenetic and clinical risk factors. The primary objective of this study w...

Codeine is a rare precipitant of acute pancreatitis. The hypothesised mechanism is transient codeine-induced sphincter of Oddi spasm. This case report describes an 80-year-old woman with previous cholecystectomy who developed acute pancreatitis within one hour after administration of a low dose (60 mg) codeine phosphate preparation for sialadenitis. The temporal profile, pathophysiology and man...

Phenotypic differences in analgesic sensitivity to codeine (3-methoxymorphine) results from polymorphisms in cytochrome P450-2D6, which catalyzes O-demethylation of codeine to morphine. However, O-demethylation reportedly is not required for analgesic activity of the 7,8-saturated codeine congeners dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone. This study determined the potency and efficacy of the...