The identification of mastoidal emissary veins is of importance in the neurosurgical practice to diagnose abnormal and normal structures. In the present study, the objectives were to estimate the prevalence rate of mastoidal emissary foramina in the temporal bones of the adult skull and to study their number and morphology. The present study included 48 adult human skulls which were obtained fr...

OBJECTIVE To determine the current perception thresholds (CPTs) for arm and mental foramen areas to enable a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment. METHODS Ninety-eight volunteers enrolled as participants and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: an acupuncture group (34 subjects); a sham acupuncture group (32 subjects) and a waiting group (32 subjects...

The so-called meningo-orbital foramen creates an additional link between the orbit and the cranial cavity. This bony canal, not always present in the human skull, contains a branch from the middle meningeal artery, providing an accessory blood supply to the orbit. This vessel, like the foramen, is characterised by great variability. Although older textbooks of basic anatomy suggested that it wa...

The purpose of this study was to examine the apical foramen of root apices extracted during apicotomies. A total of 25 teeth extracted from 25 patients admitted to the Department of Conservative Dentistry at Tokyo Dental College's Chiba Hospital were used for the study. All patients were between 22 to 56 years of age at the time of the study, and each of the 25 cases was determined clinically o...

The greater wing of the human sphenoid bone is pierced by several foramina, which contain, as a main element, the venous anastomoses between the interior of the skull and the extracranial veins. Since data concerning these foramina are scarce in the literature, studies comprising the frequency of occurrence and morphology of the foramina of the greater wing of the human sphenoid bone were under...

Introduction Understanding the anatomy of pterygomandibular fossa is crucial for dentists since it is one of the target spaces for inferior alveolar nerve blocks prior to dental treatment. Failure of achieving adequate anesthesia was reported in 20% of inferior alveolar blocks [1]. The sphenomandibular ligament and the interpterygoid fascia are integral structures that define this area [2]. The...

The foramen ovale is a very circular looking hole that is located in the posterior part of the sphenoid bone, structures passing through it mandibular nerve, accessory meningeal artery, lasser petrosal nerve, emissary vein. The foramen ovale differs in shape and size, in present study we have studied about morphometric values of like mean length, width and area. The total 125(250 sides) skulls ...

Unnamed foramina are known to be present in the mandible. The present research paper reports the presence of an accessory foramen on the medial surface of the mandible, highlighting its anatomico-radiological details. Accessory foramina in the mandible have been known to transmit branches of nerves supplying the roots of the teeth. Nerve block techniques by local anaesthetics might fail if any ...