The idea of parametric polymorphism is that of a single operator that can be used for di erent data types and whose behaviour is somehow uniform for each type. Reynolds [Reynolds, 1983] uses binary relations to de ne a uniformity condition for parametric polymorphism. In [Plotkin & Abadi, 1993] the authors proposed a second order logic for second order lambda-calculus; this logic is able to han...

A previous paper introduced eternity variables as an alternative to the prophecy variables of Abadi and Lamport and proved the formalism to be semantically complete: every simulation F : K −. L that preserves quiescence contains a composition of a history extension, an extension with eternity variables, and a refinement mapping. This result is strengthened here in three ways. Firstly, the assum...

This paper starts by setting the ground for a lambda calculus notation that strongly mirrors the two fundamental operations of term construction, namely abstraction and application. In particular, we single out those parts of a term, called items in the paper, that are added during abstraction and application. This item notation proves to be a powerful device for the representation of basic sub...

We describe what we believe was the rst use of formal methods to verify a bank payment system. This was an electronic purse for ooine small-to-medium value payments, and has since developed into the VISA COPAC product. We veriied it using a variant of the BAN logic.

Boyd and Mao (“On a Limitation of BAN Logic”, in these proceedings) suggest that it is easy to use the authentication logic of Burrows, Abadi and Needham to approve protocols that are in practice unsound, and present two examples. We illustrate that the problem in the first example can be traced to a violation of pre-conditions in the BAN analysis (involving ill-founded trust in a trusted serve...

We describe what we believe was the first use of formal methods to verify a bank payment system. This was an electronic purse for offline small-to-medium value payments, and has since developed into the VISA COPAC product. We verified it using a variant of the BAN logic.

Cleft lip and cleft palate are one of the most frequent congenital anomalies worldwide. This study was conducted in order to measure the frequency of cleft lip and palate among live births in Akbar Abadi Hospital. This is a descriptive study, dealing with 57526 cases of live birth out of 59477 medical files in Akbar Abadi Hospital from 2004 to 2008. All the collected data were recorded in speci...

The idea of parametric polymorphism is that of a single operator that can be used for di erent data types and whose behaviour is somehow uniform for each type. This concept was rst proposed by Strachey [13]. Reynolds [9] uses binary relations to de ne a uniformity condition for parametric polymorphism. In [1] Plotkin and Abadi proposed a second order logic for second order lambdacalculus; this ...