Changes in US Immigration laws that occurred during the mid 1980s to the late 1990s led to a sharp increase in criminal deportations. Using panel data for a sample of 38 developed and developing countries, I provide evidence for a statistically significantly positive causal relationship between increases in the numbers of criminal deportees and increases in intentional homicide rates. The magni...

We examine the effect of rainfall shocks on crimes against women using data from 583 Indian districts for 2002-2007. We find that a one standard deviation decline in annual rainfall from the local mean increases reported domestic violence by 4.4 percent and dowry deaths by 7.8 percent. Wet shocks have no apparent effect. These patterns are consistent with consumption smoothing by households rel...

This paper develops and analyzes a model in which tax considerations and financial reporting considerations have countervailing effects on a firm’s investments in internally developed intangible assets. It also proposes and estimates a new measure of tax preferences, which we call the economic effective tax rate. This measure reflects both investments in intangible assets and the use of debt fi...

The 2001 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) increased accountability pressure in U.S. public schools by threatening to impose sanctions on Title 1 schools that failed to make adequate yearly progress (AYP) in consecutive years. Difference-in-difference estimates of the effect of failing AYP in the first year of NCLB on teacher effort in the subsequent year suggest that, on average, teacher absence...

The Finnish unemployment rose in the early 1990’s from three to eighteen percent in four years. Unemployment has then decreased to the average European level, being 8.5 percent in October 2002. In this paper, we describe the shocks leading to this unforeseen increase in unemployment. We then discuss the role of labour market institutions in the adjustment process that has brought unemployment b...

to determine the chemical compositions, minerals and in vitro digestibility lathyrus sativusstraw during three years in shahrekord, kohrang and lordegan climates in chaharmahal & bakhtiari. this was one of the important legume straws that farmers used in ruminant winter diets in south west of iran. this legume straw gathered of different climates for three years. all samples were chemically ana...

Country-level longitudinal data at three-year intervals over 1990–2004 are used to analyze the factors affecting emigration of physicians from Sub-Saharan countries and the effects of this medical brain drain on life expectancy and number of deaths due to AIDS. Data are compiled on emigrating African physicians from 16 receiving Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) coun...

The effect of four enzymes: collagenase, fibrinolysin, hyalurodinase, and trypsin were recorded on the viscosity, motility, percent live spermatozoa and acrosome integrity of Llama and Alpaca semen. Semen samples were collected using a modified artificial vagina for each of the five llamas and five alpacas. A 25% solution of the of enzyme at a concentration of 1mg/ml was added to the ejaculate....