Myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well-known term for exacerbation of cellular destruction and dysfunction after the restoration blood flow to previously ischaemic heart. A vast number studies that have demonstrated role mineralocorticoids in cardiovascular diseases based on use pharmacological mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists. This review paper aimed summarize curre...

Kaolinite clay found its application in medicine, in toothpaste, in cosmetic and as a food additive. Recently, a specially formulated spray is used in fruit and vegetable production to repel the insects and prevent sunburn. Kaolin-SO3H nanoparticles were prepared via reaction of kaolin and chlorosulfonic acid and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, XRF, EDS, BET and TGA. 2-Substituted benz...

introduction: chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer may cause nausea and emesis by inducing the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) in the small intestine. blockage of 5-ht 3 receptors in the small intestine by 5-ht 3 receptor antagonists might prevent the nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy for cancer. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of t...

Introduction: Stimulation or inactivation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) produces antinociception. Studies showed a role for the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the antinociception induced by LH chemical stimulation through the orexinergic receptors. In this study, we assessed the role of intra-VTA dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in antinociceptive effects of cholinergic agonist, carbachol, m...

The activity of dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a key mechanism in mesolimbic reward processing that has modulatory effects on different diencephalic structures like hippocampus (HIP), and receives inhibitory feedback and excitatory feed forward control. In addition, within the hippocampus, DA receptors are mostly located in the dorsal part (CA1) and dopa...

Background: The growth factors that drive the division and differentiation of stem cells during early human embryogenesis are unknown. The secretion of endorphins, progesterone (P(4)), human chorionic gonadotropin, 17beta-estradiol, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone by trophoblasts that lie adjacent to the embryoblast in the blastocyst suggests that these pregnancy-associated factors may direc...

Bilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS) causing recurrent hypertensive emergency and pulmonary oedema is difficult to manage. Use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) II receptor blockers (ARB) usually contraindicated. We present a systematic review literature case vignette which highlights the useful properties this mineralocorticoid antagonists (MRAs) in scenario.

The cytokine interleukin (IL)-11 has been shown to play a role in promoting fibrosis and cancer, including lung adenocarcinoma, garnering interest as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. We used combinatorial methods engineer IL-11 variant that binds with higher affinity the receptor stimulates enhanced receptor-mediated cell signaling. Introduction of two additional point mutatio...

Background: Radioprotective capability of histamine H2 receptor antagonists have been shown in several in vivo studies mainly using animal models. However, to verify the effectiveness of these agents in clinical applications, studies should be performed on human cells. In the present study radioprotective properties of these agents was examined in vitro on human lymphocytes using metaphase anal...

Nicotinic and serotoninergic 5HT3 receptors share important sequence identities except for their cytoplasmic loop. Both ends of this loop display conserved 3D helical structures with distinct primary sequences. We decided to check whether these two helices named F and G play a role in the sub-cellular distribution of different nicotinic receptors. We systematically exchanged each helix with the...