A novel single phase co-solvent system using tetrahydrofuran (THF) promotes hydrolysis of maple wood to sugars, sugar dehydration, and lignin extraction simultaneously and achieves higher overall yields of the fuel precursors furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and levulinic acid (LA) than previously reported from biomass. In a one-pot reaction, we obtained yields of 86% furfural, 21% HMF,...

The dehydration of glucose and other hexose carbohydrates to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) was investigated in imidazolium-based ionic liquids with boric acid as a promoter. A yield of up to 42% from glucose and as much as 66% from sucrose was obtained. The yield of HMF decreased as the concentration of boric acid exceeded one equivalent, most likely as a consequence of stronger fructose-bora...

We found an effective catalytic consortium capable of converting glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in high yields (50%). The reaction consists a Lewis acid (NbCl5) and Brønsted (p-sulfonic calix[4]arene (CX4SO3H)), microwave-assisted reactor biphasic system. best result for the conversion HMF (yield 50%) was obtained with CX4SO3H/NbCl5 (5 wt%/7.5 wt%), using water/NaCl MIBK (1:3), at 150...

The fuel properties of the solid product obtained from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are substantially influenced by interaction reactions lignocellulose components. This study focused on cellulose and hemicellulose (represented glucose xylose, respectively) formation mechanism hydrochar through experiments density functional theory methods. Results indicated that furfural was main intermedi...

BACKGROUND The active ingredients and thus pharmacological efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at different degrees of parching process vary greatly. OBJECTIVE Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to develop a new method for rapid online analysis of TCM parching process, using two kinds of chemical indicators (5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural [5-HMF] content and 420 nm absorbance) a...

A combined experimental and computational study of the ionic-liquid-mediated dehydration of glucose and fructose by Cr(II) and Cr(III) chlorides has been performed. The ability of chromium to selectively dehydrate glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride does not depend on the oxidation state of chromium. Nevertheless, Cr(III) exhibits h...

Organisms have been exposed to the geomagnetic field (GMF) throughout evolutionary history. Exposure to the hypomagnetic field (HMF) by deep magnetic shielding has recently been suggested to have a negative effect on the structure and function of the central nervous system, particularly during early development. Although changes in cell growth and differentiation have been observed in the HMF, ...

Photocatalysis has been widely known as a simple green technology to be applied in the synthesis and degradation process of organic molecules. An application photocatalysis biomass pretreatment for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) production was investigated this study. The results have revealed that photocatalysis, during pretreatment, facilitates breakdown cellulose. presence oxidizing agent (...

In the United States, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has become a sucrose replacement for honey bees and has widespread use as a sweetener in many processed foods and beverages for human consumption. It is utilized by commercial beekeepers as a food for honey bees for several reasons: to promote brood production, after bees have been moved for commercial pollination, and when field-gathered ne...