In antiquity crucifixion was considered one of the most brutal and shameful modes of death. Probably originating with the Assyrians and Babylonians, it was used systematically by the Persians in the 6th century BC. Alexander the Great brought it from there to the eastern Mediterranean countries in the 4th century BC, and the Phoenicians introduced it to Rome in the 3rd century BC. It was virtua...

s of Papers Presented at the Connective Tissue Oncology Society 4th Annual Scienti® c Meeting, 12± 14 November 1998, Vancouver, BC, Canada Scienti® c Program Committee Members: Brian O’Sullivan, Canada (Chairman) Colin Cooper, UK (Basic Science Program Chairman) Alberto Azzarelli, Italy Nicola Baldini, Italy

1 Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 429–2202 Main Mall, (4th floor), Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada 2 Department of Environmental Science & Policy, University of California, One Shields Ave Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada 4...

The roots of modern medicine can be traced back to the 5th century BC when Hippocratic rational medicine originated on the Greek islands of Cos and Cnidos. In this study we examine the way in which practitioners conducted their profession in Graeco-Roman times, as well as their training. Medical training was by way of apprenticeship with recognized doctors, but no qualifying examinations existe...

Chemical analyses of ancient organic compounds absorbed into the pottery fabrics from sites in Georgia in the South Caucasus region, dating to the early Neolithic period (ca. 6,000-5,000 BC), provide the earliest biomolecular archaeological evidence for grape wine and viniculture from the Near East, at ca. 6,000-5,800 BC. The chemical findings are corroborated by climatic and environmental reco...

Prehistory of the island of Hvar was marked much more by continuity than by change. Only at one point during that long period, evidence clearly suggests arrival of a substantial body of immigrants. That event took place around 6,000 BC, and is associated with the introduction of farming. The next possible influx of immigrants may have happened around or soon after 2,500 BC, but the changes obse...

Archaeological research demonstrates that an agropastoral economy was established in Tibet during the second millennium BC, aided by cultivation of barley introduced from South-western Asia. The exact cultural contexts emergence and development agropastoralism Tibet, however, remain obscure. Recent excavations at site Bangga provide new evidence for settled central demonstrating a material dive...