We welcome opinions about the role of Broca’s area in higher-order cognition. Nevertheless, it was with somewhat of a surprise that we read the recent contribution by Grodzinsky and Santi [1] on this topic. Although they write that ‘Broca’s region might well be multifunctional’ [1], Grodzinsky and Santi nevertheless conclude that the main role of Broca’s region (more specifically Brodmann’s are...

al Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and long ch stimuli, we addressed the question of neuronal ed in prosodic integration by comparing (1) differences y when hearing connected speech stimuli with high and prosodic expression; (2) differences in brain activity in otic listening conditions (normal speech delivery to both and low-pass-filtered speech delivery to both ears, i.e., ects of high and ...

Controlled semantic retrieval to words elicits co-activation of inferior frontal (IFG) and left posterior temporal cortex (pMTG), but research has not yet established (i) the distinct contributions of these regions or (ii) whether the same processes are recruited for non-verbal stimuli. Words have relatively flexible meanings - as a consequence, identifying the context that links two specific w...

This review scrutinizes several findings on human hierarchical processing within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in diverse cognitive domains. Converging evidence from previous studies has shown that the PFC, specifically, BA44, may function as the essential region for hierarchical processing across the domains. In language fMRI studies, BA 44 was significantly activated for the hierarchical proces...

Acrylic polymers have been widely used in the field of conservation since the 1930’s. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that under certain conditions, these synthetic polymers are subject to degradation through the activities of microbiological organisms. The biodeterioration of synthetic polymers is of particular concern to conservators when used for the long-term protection of arc...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Functional MR imaging (fMRI) is a promising but, in some aspects, still debated noninvasive tool for functional language mapping. We developed a clinical fMRI overt language design at the sentential level to optimize sensitivity for language-related areas of the brain. To evaluate applicability and sensitivity, we investigated a consecutive series of presurgical patients ...

One of the fundamental goals of environmental education (EE) is to equip students with the skills to make more thoughtful decisions about environmental issues. Many examples of environmental and science education curricula work to address this goal by providing students with up-to-date information about a myriad of environmental issues from a variety of scientific disciplines. As noted by previ...