Both wild-type (WT) and nonconducting W472F mutant (NCM) Kv1.5 channels are able to conduct Na(+) in their inactivated states when K(+) is absent. Replacement of K(+) with Na(+) or NMG(+) allows rapid and complete inactivation in both WT and W472F mutant channels upon depolarization, and on return to negative potentials, transition of inactivated channels to closed-inactivated states is the fir...

in order to evaluate the seed yield and qualitative traits and oil in some winter rapeseed (brassica napus l.) varieties as affected by micronutrient elements, this experiment was performed during 2011 - 2012 cropping seasons as split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications, in arak, iran. micronutrient fertilizers including of zero as check, fe, zn, mn, fe ...

Dieta.—Male Wistar rats were placed on a semi synthetic diet at weaning, and the food consump tion of each was measured. A week later each rat was paired with one of equal body weight and food consumption. At this time one rat of each pair was designated as the experimental rat which would receive a tumor transplant; the other rat, his pair fed control, consumed the amount of diet eaten by th...

The a3b4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype is widely expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including in airway sensory nerves. The nAChR subtype transduces the irritant effects of nicotine in tobacco smoke and, in certain brain areas, may be involved in nicotine addiction and/or withdrawal. Menthol, a widely used additive in cigarettes, is a potential analgesic...

Fragile X syndrome is caused by the functional loss of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. D eletion of the FMR1 ortholog in D rosophila melanogaster (Fmr1) recapitulates many phenotypes associated w ith fragile X syndrome. W e have discovered that Fmr1 mutant D rosophila die during development when reared on food containing increased levels of glutamate, w hich is consistent w ith ...