the incidence and prevalence of obesity are fast increasing worldwide. various indices have been used to measure and assess obesity. the body mass index (bmi) is the most common and practical of these indices. overweight and obesity exert considerable adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. these effects are mediated through various neurohormonal and cytokine pathways, most of which are i...

1.1. A STATEMENT OF THE PARADOX ...................................................................................................... 2 1.2. THE NATURE OF PAST APPROACHES TO THE PARADOX ...................................................................... 2 1.3. KEY POINTS TO THE ‘EPISTEMOLOGICAL NOTATION’ SOLUTION ....................................................... 3 1.4. OVERVIEW .........

We investigate the frontline of Gödel’s incompleteness theorems’ proofs and the links with computability. The Gödel incompleteness phenomenon Gödel’s incompleteness theorems [Göd31, SFKM+86] are milestones in the subject of mathematical logic. Apart from Gödel’s original syntactical proof, many other proofs have been presented. Kreisel’s proof [Kre68] was the first with a model-theoretical flav...

Abstract Some in the recent literature have claimed that a connection exists between Liar paradox and semantic relativism : view truth values of certain occurrences sentences depend on contexts at which they are assessed. Sagi (Erkenntnis 82(4):913–928, 2017) argues contextualist accounts committed to relativism, Rudnicki ?ukowski (Synthese 1–20, 2019) propose new account classify as relativist...

In philosophy of logic and elsewhere, it is generally thought that similar problems should be solved by similar means. This advice is sometimes elevated to the status of a principle: the principle of uniform solution. In this paper I will explore the question of what counts as a similar problem and consider reasons for subscribing to the principle of uniform solution. 1 Introducing the Principl...

This article is concerned with the so-called Levinthal’s paradox. It will be argued that many have sought a “solution” to Levinthal’s paradox, where in fact, the “solution” already appeared in Levinthal’s original articles. Most of the subsequent suggested “solutions” were inadequate solutions to a non-paradox. It is shown that the discovery of strong hydrophilic forces not only dismisses the L...

this paper examines paradox in the symbols of the poem unsh?dat al-matar (‘song of rain’), composed by sh?kir al-sayy?b. it also investigates how meaning is developed in these symbols. in the symbols in this poetry, paradoxical themes like happiness and grief, rain and drought, and life and death emerge. the onomatopoeia ‘rain’, which forms the central image of this poetry, has the same paradox...

Since seminal work of Tarski (e.g. Tarski, 1935), hierarchies have been much discussed in the literature on truth and paradox. Especially in recent years, this discussion has been decidedly negative. Tarski’s hierarchy of languages is sometimes described as the “orthodox” response to the Liar paradox (e.g. Kripke, 1975), but it is an orthodoxy many authors have gone to great lengths to avoid. F...

this paper offers an analysis of a hitherto neglected text on insoluble propositions dating from the late XiVth century and puts it into perspective within the context of the contemporary debate concerning semantic paradoxes. the author of the text is the italian logician Peter of Mantua (d. 1399/1400). the treatise is relevant both from a theoretical and from a historical standpoint. by appeal...