Image-guided surgery (IGS) can reduce the risk of tissue damage and improve accuracy targeting lesions by increasing surgery’s visual field. Three-dimensional (3D) medical images provide spatial location information to determine plan operation process. For real-time tracking adjusting position surgical instruments, two-dimensional (2D) intraoperative information. In this experiment, 2D/3D image...

applying 2d algorithms for inverting the potential field data is more useful and efficient than their 3d counterparts, whenever the geologic situation permits. this is because the computation time is less and modeling the subsurface is easier. in this paper we present a 2d inversion algorithm for interpreting gravity data by employing a set of constraints including minimum distance, smoothness,...

background: ratio of second and fourth digit (2d:4d) is known to be germane in analyzing utero concentrations of testosterone and estrogen in human and other vertebrates. 2d:4d had been linked several traits like athletes’ abilities, reproductive success, risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (cvd). metabolic syndrome (mets) is a clustering of several cardiovascular risk factors. waist ci...

Planning by Rewriting (PbR) is a paradigm for efficient high-quality planning that exploits declarative plan rewriting rules and efficient local search techniques to transform an easy-to-generate, but possibly suboptimal, initial plan into a high-quality plan. In addition to addressing planning efficiency and plan quality, PbR offers a new anytime planning algorithm. The plan rewriting rules ca...

The ability of a planner to reuse parts of old plans is hypothesized to be a valuable tool for improving eeciency of planning by avoiding the repetition of the same planning eeort. We test this hypothesis from an analytical and empirical point of view. A comparative worst-case complexity analysis of generation and reuse under diierent assumptions reveals that it is not possible to achieve a pro...

Unlike for the instrument of hazard zone maps for surface waters, there is no common approach for the calculation of inundation risk caused by spontaneous overland runoff. For being able to assess the associated potential damage, the maximum inundation depth is being calculated via an extended 2D flow model, based on a rain event with an 100-year return period and a duration of 60 minutes. The ...

The paper presents an experiment on spatial planning in a 2D maze-like computerized environment. Participants were required to build on-line a plan to reach a target, and to execute it in the shortest possible time. We discuss the experimental results, and propose a detailed simulative model to provide an accurate account of the participants’ step-by-step behavior. The simulation results suppor...