UNLABELLED The infraclavicular brachial plexus block first described by Raj et al. was supposed to anesthetize all the main peripheral nerves of the brachial plexus without the risk of pneumothorax. However, in performing the block, we have had difficulties finding the nerves at the cord level. Therefore, we questioned whether the recommended needle direction (the "Raj line") guides the needle ...

The cytological features of testicular germ cell tumours were established in smears from 15 freshly resected tumours. These features were applied to the fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of metastases in 27 patients referred for chemotherapy. There were 16 positive reports in 32 aspirates of which 13 were taken before chemotherapy and three in patients with residual or new masses after ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dentists administer thousands of local anesthetic injections every day. Injection to a highly vascular area such as pterygomandibular space during an inferior alveolar nerve block has a high risk of intravascular needle entrance. Accidental intravascular injection of local anesthetic agent with vasoconstrictor may result in cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity,...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic adequacy of thyroid samples obtained by aspiration or capillary biopsy techniques, with 22 or 27 gauge needles, and with or without on-site cytological analysis (OCA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Four hundred patients with thyroid nodules underwent ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle biopsies. Patients were divided into eight groups acc...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) and needle diameter on the amount of reflux after intravitreous bevacizumab injection. METHODS Prospective randomized interventional study. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits weighing approximately 2.5 to 3.5 kg each were randomized 1:1 to group 1 or group 2. Bevacizumab stained with trypan blue was used for intravitreous injecti...

This study aims at investigating the integration of information and commu-nication technology into EFL textbook to measure what extent cur-rent used curriculum meets current educational demands matches general outcomes course. The researcher analyzed ‘Action Pack 12’ students’ book classified types technological devices inte-grated in activities book. Then, she calculated number that integrate ...

Introduction: A rat model of the human post-laminectomy condition has been developed and published [1]. In this study, we intend to clarify the following in this model: 1) the effect of laminectomy and disc-injury in the creation of fibrosis within the intervertebral foramen; 2) the ability of hyaluronate to decrease interverte-bral foraminal fibrosis; 3) the correlation between fibrosis within...