The role of vitamin status in the development of the brain and the subsequent functioning of the brain was considered. There are data with a range of vitamins, from animal studies and human studies in developing countries, suggesting that a clinical deficiency during the critical period when the brain is developing causes permanent damage. To date there is, however, with the exception of cases ...

For many years there was little discussion of or activity to develop new energetic materials for military applications. However, since the end of the Cold War there have been significant new activities in such materials. Particularly in the last 10 years, a number of new synthesized energetic materials have been reported and generated much discussion. Some of the most interesting newly develope...

The epidermis is highly sensitive to retinoids, and vitamin A (retinol) is a critical factor in the regulation of skin cell differentiation and proliferation. Despite extensive knowledge of retinoid-mediated gene transcription effects on epidermal cells and evidence for retinoid-mediated suppression of carcinogenesis in skin, basic transport events, especially cellular uptake, of this vitamin r...

Marcello Disertori ([email protected]) Maria Grazia Franzosi ([email protected]) Simona Barlera ([email protected]) Franco Cosmi ([email protected]) Silvia Quintarelli ([email protected]) Chiara Favero ([email protected]) Glauco Cappellini ([email protected]) Gianna Fabbri ([email protected]) Aldo Pietro Magg...

The clinical relevance: The assessment of the antigenicity of an injectable molecule for the human organism requires human patient sera due to the inherent variability of antibodies from person to person, and the inherent variation of bioactivity of antibodies within a single individual. Antibodies produced experimentally in animals give little information with regard to clinical effects of the...

x I don't know why it should be, I am sure; but the sight of another man asleep in bed when I am up, maddens me. It seems to me so shocking to see the precious hours of a man's life-the priceless moments that will never come back to him again-being wasted in mere brutish sleep. – – Jerome K. Jerome, Three men in a boat Duality is a transformation that maps lines and points into points and lines...

Knowledge of the normal dimensions of the uterus is important for evaluating the health status of women and for forecasting the risk of developing some of the many diseases seen by gynaecologists and obstetricians. Ultrasonography is particularly suited to the diagnostic investigation of uterine size because it limits the patient’s exposure to ionizing radiation, permits multi-sectional scannin...

The working papers published in the Series constitute work in progress circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. Views expressed represent exclusively the authors' own opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors.

Theorem 26.1.2 (Chebychev inequality) Let X be a random variable with μx = E[X] and σx be the standard deviation of X. That is σX = E [ (X − μx) ] . Then, Pr [|X − μX | ≥ tσX] ≤ 1 t2 . Proof: Note that Pr [|X − μX | ≥ tσX] = Pr[(X − μX) ≥ t2σ2X] . Set Y = (X − μX). Clearly, E [ Y ] = σX. Now, apply Markov inequality to Y . This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommerci...