MicroRNA (miR)-221 and miR-222 are frequently upregulated in various types of human malignancy including glioblastoma. Previous studies have identified some targets of miR-221 and miR-222, such as p27 and p57. Inter-relationship between miR-221 and miR-222 expression and global mRNA expression remains elusive. Here we knocked down miR-221 and miR-222 expression and found 158 differentially expr...

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing with their target messenger RNAs. Dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in the pathological initiation and progression of many human diseases. miR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222) are two highly homologous miRNAs, and they are significantly overexpressed in several types of human diseases. Silencing miR-221/22...

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) is a refractory malignancy with poor prognosis due to its early invasion, metastasis and recurrence after operation. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of invasion and metastasis is the key to the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies for EHCC. In the present study we demonstrated that miR-221 promoted EHCC invasion and metastasis th...

Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors of the digestive system. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) of exosomes harbored within cancer cells have been determined to induce inflammatory conditions that accelerate tumor growth and metastasis. Interestingly, the oncogenic role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in the modulation of immunosuppression, tumor in...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using serum miR-221 as a noninvasive prognostic biomarker for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). MATERIAL/METHODS We measured the expression levels of miR-221 in serum samples from 72 CMM patients and 54 healthy controls by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The overall survival (OS) and disease-fr...

MicroRNAs are increasingly important in the study of cancer because of their ability to down regulate the expression of tumor suppressors and promote tumorigenesis. Here, miR-221, which is dysregulated in various tumors, was investigated for its expression in colon cancer tissues and its correlation with patient prognosis. Colon cancer tissue samples were obtained from 182 individuals who under...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a novel class of endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Functionally, an individual miRNA is as important as a transcription factor because it is able to regulate the expression of its multiple target genes. Recently, miR-221 and miR-222 have been found to play a critical role in cancer cell proliferation. However, their roles in ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cancer formation and progression by suppressing the production of key functional proteins at the post-transcriptional level in a sequence-specific manner. While differential expression of miRNAs is widely observed in cancers including prostate cancer (PCa), how these miRNAs are transcriptionally regulated is largely unknown. MiRNA-221 and miRNA-222 (mi...

BACKGROUND Environmental enrichment alters susceptibility in developing drug addiction. We have demonstrated that rats raised in an enriched condition are more sensitive than rats raised in an impoverished condition to nicotine-induced locomotor activity, and this is associated with alterations of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 within the prefrontal cortex. This study ...

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine perceived language barriers in accessing healthcare services according Syrian refugees and the methods they used cope with problem. Methods: was a descriptive study. A survey carried out among adults visiting two hospitals Ankara. Results: Of 221 participants, 11.1% stated that speak Turkish, 48.5% them hospital interpreters while 20.6%, 17.6% 13...