Text mining involves the use of statistical and machine learning techniques to learn structural elements of text in order to search for useful information in previously unseen text. The need for these techniques have emerged out of the rapidly growing information era. Token identification is an important component of any text mining tool. The accomplishment of this task enhances the function of...

The “Prediction by Partial Matching” (PPM) data compression algorithm developed by Cleary and Witten is capable of very high compression rates, encoding English text in as little as 2.2 bits/character. Here it is shown that the estimates made by Cleary and Witten of the resources required to implement the scheme can be revised to allow for a tractable and useful implementation. In particular, a...

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The on-line sequence modelling algorithm `Prediction by Partial Matching' (PPM) has set the performance standard in lossless data compression research since Moffat's 1990 implementation, PPMC. Despite intense research activity, only Howard's 1993 escape-count update mechanism `D' has provided any consistent, order-independent performance improvement to PPMC (about 1%). Most notably, the recentl...

As we examine the role of micronutrients in turfgrass nutrition, we enter murky waters when we consider the functions of boron. There is a scarcity of specific research on turfgrasses, so there remain questions about its roles. Since this subject has been reviewed recently (Blevins and Lukaszewski 1998), we interpret the current state of knowledge about boron's importance to turfgrass managemen...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding pharmacological concentrations of zinc (Zn), from organic and inorganic sources, on growth performance, plasma and tissue Zn accumulation, and Zn excretion of nursery pigs. Blood from all pigs was collected for plasma Zn determination on d 14 in Exp. 1, d 7 and 28 in Exp. 2, and d 15 in Exp. 3. In Exp. 1, 2, and 3, 90, 100, and ...