given to the mosaic identity of states around the world, they have experienced different models for good spatial governance. even now, some states, disrespect of existence and non-existence of potential ethnic tensions, are looking ways of good governance of space and multi-ethnic geography. until now, five models including: 1.centralisation, 2.fedralism, 3.consociationalism, 4.decentralisation...

Italian New Public Management (NPM) has been mainly characterized by a political orientation toward power decentralization to local governments and privatization of public companies. Nowadays, local utilities in Italy are often run by joint stock companies controlled by public agencies such as Regional and Municipal Administrations. Due to this transformation, these companies must comply with a...

Fiscal decentralization is not a new phenomenon for developing countries. Since the 1990s, most developing countries initiated the process of decentralization, combining political, administrative and fiscal aspects. It is a long-term gradual process of devolving revenue sources and expenditures functions from the central government to provincial and local levels. The benefits of engaging with t...

Comparative political economy offers a wealth of intriguing hypotheses connecting political decentralization to better public service delivery, improved governance, and reduced corruption. Although highly influential, recent formal and experimental work has begun to question the underlying theory and empirical analyses of previous findings. At the same time, many countries have grown dissatisfi...

Devolution, as other types of decentralization (e.g. deconcentration, delegation, privatization), profoundly changes governance relations in the health system. Devolution is meant to affect performance of the health system by transferring responsibilities and authority to locally elected governments. The key question of this article is: what does devolution mean for human resources for health i...