indubitably, the efficacy of metalinguistic awareness in improving efl learners’ grammatical knowledge and writing quality has long been an area of great interest in applied linguistics brown (2001). accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of planned and unplanned focus on form instruction on students’ ability to learn grammar and use it appropriately ...

Research on the primary transitional object has ignored the subtle interactions that occur between parents and children in the development and use of the primary transitional object. While conscious expectations of whether the child will develop a primary transitional object do not seem to be an important factor, unconscious motivations seem to determine if parents serve as either facilitators ...

objective: to evaluate the mrna expression ratio of bcl-2/bax both in normal and tumoral bladder tissues of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of bladder and investigate potential correlation between this expression ratio and clinical outcome. materials and methods: in this experimental study, we used real time-pcr to investigate the expression of bcl-2 and bax both in normal and t...

Background: The relationship between lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and low back pain is not clear. This controversy has been quite intriguing and has been the stimulus for carrying out this present study. The aim of this study was to determine, by plain radiography, if there is a relationship between lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and low back pain. Material and methods: Five hundred l...

Understanding the spatial pattern of soil lead (Pb) levels is essential to protecting human health. Most previous studies have examined soil Pb distributions by either urbanization gradient or land-use type. Few studies, however, have examined both factors together. It remains unclear whether the impacts of land use on soil Pb levels are consistent along the urbanization gradient. To fill this ...

Background : The aim of this study was to investigate the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and survivin in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) that has different clinicopathologic characteristics, and we also wanted to determine if a relation exists between the COX-2 and survivin expressions. Methods : The expressions of COX-2 and survivin were investigated in 80 bladder TCCs by pe...

Resting primordial germ cells or gonocytes, present in the testis of the rat at birth (Beaumont & Mandl, 1963), are highly radiosensitive. A dose of 50-100 r X-rays induces complete, or almost complete, sterility, as judged by the histological appearance of the testis at 25 days post par turn (Mandl et al. 1964). Studies of short-term post-irradiation changes have revealed that gonocytes, expos...

The Kelkit Valley is geographically a transitional zone between the Middle Black Sea and Inner Anatolia regions in Turkey. Two new species of Macrochelidae are described from this area--Longicheles ozkani sp. nov. and Longicheles ayyildizi sp. nov. Longicheles lagrecai (Valle, 1963) is recorded for the Turkish fauna and redescribed on the basis of specimens collected from the Valley. A world-wi...