In biomass thermal conversion processes, the release of potassium in high temperature environments crucially influences operating efficiency and safety. The dominant species can be hydroxide (KOH) and/or chloride (KCl). We report a species-specified quantitative measurement combustion using laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence (LIPF). Ultraviolet (UV) light sources with different wavel...

Aims: Antipsychotic drugs are known to be commonly associated with sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study investigate the effects sertindole, asenapine and ziprasidone on serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) potassium chloride (KCl)-induced contractions isolated vas deferens in mice.
 Study design: All were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) a volume 0.1...

To evaluate the role of the sodium pump in resistance control in vivo, we studied vascular responses to potassium, which produces vasodilation by the activation of vascular Na+, K(+)-ATPase, in normotensive volunteers receiving a high salt diet compared with volume-depleted subjects receiving diuretic treatment. Forearm blood flow was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography during small increm...

Phenobarbital produces its anti-epileptic actions by increasing the inhibitory drive of γ-aminobutyric acid. However, following recurrent seizures, γ-aminobutyric acid excites neurons because of a persistent increase of chloride raising the important issue of whether phenobarbital could aggravate persistent seizures. Here we compared the actions of phenobarbital on initial and established ictal...

This work answers an unsolved question that consists of determining the least number of water molecules necessary to separate a potassium chloride molecule. The answer based on accurate quantum chemical calculations suggests that tetramers are the smallest clusters necessary to dissociate KCl molecules. The study was made with Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory modified with the cl...

Ammonium and potassium chloride share a common taste quality and an amiloride-insensitive route of transduction. An amiloride-sensitive pathway might also be partially activated by these salts, although very few studies have reported effects of amiloride on nonsodium salt perception. This experiment was designed to determine 1) whether rats could discriminate KCl from NH(4)Cl and, if discrimina...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether oral potassium supplementation safely increases serum K(+) and results in sustained improvement of repolarization parameters in long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) subjects. BACKGROUND Mutations in HERG (LQT2), the gene encoding the rapid delayed rectifier K(+) current I(Kr), account for a significant proportion of congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). The m...

Canine cardiac Purkinje fibers exposed to sodium-free solutions containing 16 mM CaCl2, 20 mM tetraethylammonium chloride, 108 mM tetramethylammonium chloride, and 2.7 mM KCl may be quiescent at a resting potential of either -50 mV or -90 mV. The membrane potential of these fibers can be switched from -50 mV to -90 mV by a hyperpolarizing current pulse and from -90 mV to -50 mV by a depolarizin...