Current responses to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in layer V pyramidal neurons of the rat prefrontal cortex were potentiated by the P2 receptor agonists adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP). The failure of these nucleotides to induce inward current on fast local superfusion suggested the activation of P2Y rather than P2X receptors. The potentiation by ATP persisted i...

The compartmentalized production of superoxide (*O(2)(-)) by endosomal NADPH oxidase is important in the redox-dependent activation of NF-kappaB following interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) stimulation. It remains unclear how *O(2)(-) produced within endosomes facilitates redox-dependent signaling events in the cytoplasm. We evaluated *O(2)(-) movement out of IL-1beta-stimulated endosomes and whether...

Substituted pyrroles are an essential class of heterocyclic compounds. In this research, an efficient and eco-friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of pyrrole derivatives from the reaction of 2,5-hexanedione and primary amines. Magnetic nanoparticles supported on functionalized. 7-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid-functionalized. silica (Fe3O4@SiO2@Propyl–ANDSA) has been inves...

1 2 Mechanisms of guanylin action on water and ion absorption at different regions 3 of seawater eel intestine 4 5 6 Masaaki Ando, Marty K. S. Wong and Yoshio Takei 7 8 Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean 9 Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, 10 Japan 11 12 13 Running title: Guanylin and intestinal ...

The objective of this study was to determine the relative contribution of Cl(-) channels to volume regulation of cultured rat cortical astrocytes after hypotonic cell swelling. Using a Coulter counter, we showed that cortical astrocytes regulate their cell volume by approximately 60% within 45 min after hypotonic challenge. This volume regulation was supported when Cl(-) was replaced with Br(-)...

Reaction systems of boronic acid (RB(OH2), R = phenyl or 3-fluorophenyl) with diols and no proton ambiguity were elaborately set up, and kinetic measurements were conducted to elucidate the relative reactivities of RB(OH)2 and RB(OH)3(-). In the reactions of phenylboronic and 3-fluorophenylboronic acids with propylene glycol, the reactivity order was: RB(OH)2 >> RB(OH)3(-), whereas in the react...

Acetylcholine and ATP are excitatory cotransmitters in parasympathetic nerves. We used P2X1 receptor antagonists to further characterize the purinergic component of neurotransmission in isolated detrusor muscle of guinea pig urinary bladder. In the presence of atropine (1 microM) and prazosin (100 nM), pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS) (0.1-100 microM) and suramin (1-...