Left ventricular function was compared in 18 normal sedentary controls (mean age 28 years, range 22 - 34 years) and nine endurance-trained athletes (mean age 19 years, range 15 - 25 years) at rest and during supine bicycle exercise. Gated radionuclide angiocardiograms were performed at rest and at each level of graded maximal supine bicycle exercise. Heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular...

Background and Aim: Angiogenesis is the most important foundation of exercise-induced hypertrophy. This study aimed to investigate effect 8 weeks different muscle tension training on some microRNAs related angiogenesis hypertrophy in bodybuilders. Materials Methods: The present a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design. groups included resistance group 1 (10 people), 2 control people)...

Muscle dysmorphia as a proposed psychiatric disorder has garnered attention in the general media and within the academic and scientific communities. Yet, while several models and theories have been proposed to explain its etiology, attributing muscle dysmorphia to one causative factor remains premature (Leone et al., 2005). Baghurst (2008) recently investigated traits associated with muscle dys...

Four bodybuilders who injected anabolic steroids and ingested commercial protein (78-104 g/day) and creatine (15 g/day) products presented with serum creatinine levels between 229.84 and 335.92 µmol/L (2.6-3.8 mg/dL). Renal biopsies revealed acute tubular necrosis. Four weeks after discontinuing injections and supplements, serum creatinine was in the normal range and estimated glomerular filtra...