Zoonotic transmission of pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) is a potential public health threat (1, 2), as the virus may acquire human-to-human transmissibility through mutations or by reassortment with seasonal influenza viruses (e.g., H3N2 and H1N1). The recent outbreak of novel H7N9 virus in China is an enigma (3). In contrast to outbreaks of human infections by other avian influenza vir...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) sustain tumor growth through their ability to self-renew and to generate differentiated progeny. These functions endow CSCs with the potential to initiate secondary tumors bearing characteristics similar to those of the parent. Recently the hair follicle stem cell marker CD34 was used to purify a CSC-like cell population from early skin tumors arising from treatment wit...

The most important challenge of ALS remains finding biomarkers. Clinical features remain of key importance in the diagnosis and for follow up. Neurophysiology remains difficult to use in clinical trials. Neuroimaging have some utility for upper motor neuron integrity and function. Among proteins and chemical markers, one of the most promising marker is the level of Nogo in muscle biopsy. In CSF...

One hundred and forty-four patients primarily receiving kidneys from cadaver donors between Jan., 1978 and Oct., 1989, were reviewed. The patients' ages ranged 14-53 with a mean +/- S.D. of 34.7 +/- 8.0 years old. There were 100 males and 44 females. Twenty kidneys were harvested from heart-beating donors and 124 from non-heart-beating donors. In harvest from non-heart-beating donors, we perfor...

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INTRODUCTION IL-10-producing B cells, Foxp3-expressing T cells (Tregs) and the IDO-expressing dendritic cells (pDC) are able to modulate inflammatory processes, to induce immunological tolerance and, in turn, to inhibit the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. The aim of the study was to characterize and to enumerate peripheral IL-10--producing B cells, Tregs and pDCregs in primary Sjögren's Syn...