Following the recognition of pathogen-encoded effectors, plant TIR-NB-LRR immune receptors induce defense signaling by a largely unknown mechanism. We identify a novel and conserved role for the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN (SBP)-domain transcription factor SPL6 in enabling the activation of the defense transcriptome following its association with a nuclear-localized immune receptor. Durin...

In translingual information retrieval (TIR), ad hoc queries in any of a set of languages can be used to retrieve documents in any of a set of languages. Classical informationretrieval methods such as the vector-space model cannot be applied to TIR because they base similarity on the overlap of terms between queries and documents|this is typically zero in TIR. The generalized vector-space model ...

MyD88 is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that is critical for Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. The subcellular localization of MyD88 is characterized as large condensed forms in the cytoplasm. The mechanism and significance of this localization with respect to the signaling function, however, are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MyD88 localization depends on the entire non-TIR regi...

Toll like receptors (TLRs) use Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapters, such as myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF), to induce activation of transcription factors, including NF-κB, MAP kinases, and IFN regulatory factors. TLR signaling also leads to activation of PI3K, but the molecular mechanism is not und...

Based on Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain structure homology, we detected a previously uncharacterized gene encoding for a TIR domain containing protein (Tcp) in the genome of Enterococcus faecalis. We assigned this gene the name tcpF (as in Tcp of E. faecalis). Screening of E. faecalis samples revealed that tcpF is more common in isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) than in hu...

We present an analysis of a 50 ks XMM-Newton observation of the merging galaxy cluster ClJ0152.7−1357 at z = 0.83. In addition to the two main subclusters and an infalling group detected in an earlier Chandra observation of the system, XMM-Newton detects another group of galaxies possibly associated with the cluster. This group may be connected to the northern subcluster by a filament of cool (...

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Claudio Napoli, Filomena de Nigris, John S. Welch, Federico B. Calara, Robert O. Stuart, Receptor-Deficient Mice and Alters Aortic Gene Expression Determined by Microarray Maternal Hypercholesterolemia During Pregnancy Promotes Early Atherogenesis in LDL Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2002 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the Ameri...

A metal-less RXI collimator has been designed using the Simultaneous multiple surface method (SMS). Unlike conventional RXI collimators, whose back surface and parts of the front surface have to be metalized, this collimator is completely metal-free, made only of plastic (PMMA). The collimator’s back surface is designed as a grooved surface providing two TIR reflections for all rays impinging o...