(a) Prove that the sum and product of abstract symbols is well-defined. That is, if [a1, b1] = [a2, b2] and [c1, d1] = [c2, d2], prove that we have [a1, b1] · [c1, d1] = [a2, b2] · [c2, d2] and [a1, b1] + [c1, d1] = [a2, b2] + [c2, d2] . (b) One can check that Q satisfies all of the axioms of Z except for the Well-Ordering Axiom (please don’t check this), with additive identity [0, 1] ∈ Q and m...

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is an integral mediator of physiologic and pathologic processes and has demonstrated actions in the periodontium. PTHrP functions via AP-1, and specifically through JunB. This study identified JunB-dependent downstream mediators of PTHrP using OCCM cementoblastic transfectants with JunB over- or reduced expression. Over-expressing cells showed an incr...

T(1)(ρ) imaging is useful in a number of clinical applications. T(1)(ρ) preparation methods, however, are sensitive to non-uniformities of the B0 magnetic field and the B1 RF field. These common system imperfections can result in image artifacts and quantification errors in T(1)(ρ) imaging. We report on a phase-cycling method which can eliminate B1 RF inhomogeneity effects in T(1)(ρ) imaging. T...

1. Suppose that R is a UFD. Let a(x) = ca1(x) and b(x) = db1(x) be primitive decompositions of a and b. Then, since p(x) ∈ R[x], we have that cd ∈ R. Now, the leading coefficient of a(x)b(x) is the cd times the product of the leading coefficients of a1(x) ∈ R[x] and b1(x) ∈ R[x]. But since p is monic, all these must units of R. So, without loss of generality, we may assume that a1 and b1 are mo...

Introduction: Parallel transmission techniques in MRI have sparked new interest in measuring the B1+ field, the component of the radiofrequency field concerned with spin excitation. A precise measurement over a large range of B1+ values can be performed by fitting a function to data acquired with different flip angles [1]. However a large number of support points are necessary, making this meas...

We show that the families (k, r)–RBC of languages accepted (in quasi-realtime) by one-way counter automata having k blind counters of which r are reversalbounded form a strict and linear hierarchy of semi-AFLs. This hierarchy comprises the families BLIND = M∩(C1) of blind multicounter languages with generator C1 := {w ∈ {a1, b1} ∗ | |w|a1 = |w|b1} and RBC = M∩(B1) of reversal-bounded multicount...

We report a comparative polarized Raman study of Weyl semimetals TaAs, NbAs, TaP and NbP. The evolution of the phonon frequencies with the sample composition allows us to determine experimentally which atoms are mainly involved for each vibration mode. Our results confirm previous first-principles calculations indicating that the A1, B1(2), E(2) and E(3) modes involve mainly the As(P) atoms, th...

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain, playing vital roles in neuronal survival, growth, and function. Understanding the mechanism(s) regulating astrocyte proliferation will have important implications in brain development, response to injury, and tumorigenesis. Cyclin B1 is well known to be a critical regulator of mitotic entry via its interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 1. ...

Semaphorins are axon guidance molecules that signal through the plexin family of receptors. Semaphorins also play a role in other processes such as immune regulation and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular signaling mechanisms downstream of plexin receptors have not been elucidated. Semaphorin 4D is the ligand for the plexin-B1 receptor and stimulation of the plexin-B1 receptor activates the ...

Hyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli is a major pathophysiologic feature of asthma, but the molecular mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. The release of TNFand IL1 during the inflammatory process is believed to play an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness. We have previously demonstrated, using a murine in vitro model of chronic airway inflammation, that TNFup-...