Abstract Background The dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern (AC-2) is often observed in antinuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay, and the related anti-DFS70 known to be negatively associated with a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD). Identifying AC-2 challenging, as it could generally confused AC-1, AC-4, AC-5, or AC-29 patterns displaying stained metaphase pla...

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a nonthermal ablative energy modality that increases membrane permeability by creating pores and causing chemical changes to the lipids proteins on cell membrane. However, little known about its effect membrane, organelle structure time course of lesion formation. To evaluate after PFA assess differences between 1- 4-hour PFA. Healthy swine underwent endocardial u...