CONTEXT Decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading hospital discharge diagnosis in patients older than 65 years. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous nesiritide, intravenous nitroglycerin, and placebo. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Randomized, double-blind trial of 489 inpatients with dyspnea at rest from decompensated CHF, including 246 who received ...

in order to evaluate chemical mutation on cultivar mahali tarrom’ in salt stress, seeds of rice cultivar ‘mahali tarrom’ were treated with two chemical mutagens, ethyl methane sulfonate (14 mm) and sodium azide (two mm). in second generation, appropriate plants for economically important traits have been selected. seeding of selected plants were tested under salt stress in third generation usin...

We revisit previous formulations of zero knowledge in the random oracle model due to Bellare and Rogaway (CCS ’93) and Pass (Crypto ’03), and present a hierarchy for zero knowledge that includes both of these formulations. The hierarchy relates to the programmability of the random oracle, previously studied by Nielsen (Crypto ’02). – We establish a subtle separation between the Bellare-Rogaway ...

Na/K pump current was determined between -140 and +60 mV as steady-state, strophanthidin-sensitive, whole-cell current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes, voltage-clamped and internally dialyzed via wide-tipped pipettes. Solutions were designed to minimize all other components of membrane current. A device for exchanging the solution inside the pipette permitted investigation of Na/K pump curre...

BACKGROUND Lowering of blood pressure prevents stroke but optimum target levels to prevent recurrent stroke are unknown. We investigated the effects of different blood-pressure targets on the rate of recurrent stroke in patients with recent lacunar stroke. METHODS In this randomised open-label trial, eligible patients lived in North America, Latin America, and Spain and had recent, MRI-define...

The MM (minorization-maximization) principle is a versatile tool for constructing optimization algorithms. Every EM algorithm is an MM algorithm but not vice versa. This article derives MM algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation with discrete multivariate distributions such as the Dirichlet-multinomial and Connor-Mosimann distributions, the Neerchal-Morel distribution, the negative-multino...

Goldreich and Oren (JoC’94) show that only trivial languages have 2-message zero-knowledge arguments. In this note we consider weaker, super-polynomial-time simulation (SPS), notions of zero-knowledge. We present barriers to using black-box reductions for demonstrating soundness of 2-message protocols with efficient prover strategies satisfying SPS zero-knowledge. More precisely, we show that a...