We survey learning algorithms for recurrent neural networks with hidden units and attempt to put the various techniques into a common framework. We discuss fixpoint learning algorithms, namely recurrent backpropagation and deterministic Boltzmann Machines, and non-fixpoint algorithms, namely backpropagation through time, Elman's history cutoff nets, and Jordan's output feedback architecture. Fo...

-Secretase catalyzes the final cleavage of the -amyloid precursor protein to generate amyloidpeptide, the principal component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we review the identification of -secretase as a protease complex and its assembly and trafficking to its site(s) of cellular function. In reconstitution experiments, -secretase was fou...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the parasympathetic modulation in elderly inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) using both linear and nonlinear methods of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. METHOD A measure of local dimensional complexity (pointwise correlation dimension, PD2), as well as spectral analysis measures (LF, low-frequency range...

We present mid-infrared images at 6.7 μm and 15 μm of “The Cartwheel” (AM 0035-33), the prototypical collisional ring galaxy. The observations, taken with ISOCAM, reveal the distribution of hot dust in the galaxy and its two companions in the north-east. The intensity of the Mid-IR emission from the outer star forming ring of the Cartwheel shows considerable azimuthal variation and peaks at the...

Aim: This study aims to reveal the relationship between Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) parameters and polysomnographic parameters. It determine guiding values in treatment selection, with hypothesis that easily accessible PFTs can be useful clinical evaluation for patients restrictive or obstructive type disorders.
 Material Method: One hundred forty-six and/or pulmonary dysfunction who u...

Historically, the Southern United States has reported a high prevalence of healthcare inequities. This region consistently underperformed in both access to and quality care. Additionally, patients this area have higher percentage underrepresented minorities are more likely fall below poverty line. The goal our study was determine relationship between economic disadvantage large urban system. Pa...

Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial therapy (MRgLITT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) represent two minimally invasive methods for the treatment of drug-refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). We performed a systematic review meta-analysis to compare outcomes complications between MRgLITT, RFA, conventional surgical approaches (i.e., anterior resection [ATL] or selective amy...

Details of simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic observations of the optical counterpart of the " supersoft " X-ray source in the Small Magellanic Cloud 1E 0035.4−7230 ('SMC 13') are presented. Although the spectrum is dominated by emission lines of He II, the Balmer series of hydrogen is also present in emission with a strong decrement, and Balmer lines are seen as broad absorptions. Seve...