Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is a B lymphocyte-specific DNA deaminase that triggers Ig class-switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation. It shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus, containing a nuclear export sequence (NES) at its carboxyterminus. Intriguingly, the precise nature of this NES is critical to AID's function in CSR, though not in somatic hypermutation. Many alteratio...

In the last two decades corporate social responsibility (CSR), particularly when related to environmental issues, has been discussed extensively in the business literature. However, defining and measuring CSR remains a complicated process. One of the main reasons for the problematic measurement of CSR is the absence of a common framework in which business-society relations will be included. Wit...

Using a large sample of mergers in the U.S., we examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) creates value for acquiring firms’ shareholders. We find that compared to low CSR acquirers, high CSR acquirers realize higher merger announcement returns, higher announcement returns on the valueweighted portfolio of the acquirer and the target, and larger increases in post-merger long-term op...

In this paper, the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports published by a sample of European Union companies are analyzed in order to investigate how CSR issues are implemented and controlled along a supply chain. In particular, the following issues have been examined: the adopted CSR standards; the principles that suppliers are requested to respect and adopt; the standard implementation ...

Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) deficiencies are rare primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by a lack of switched isotype (IgG, IgA, or IgE) production, variably associated with abnormal somatic hypermutation (SHM). Deficiencies in CD40 ligand, CD40, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and uracil-N-glycosylase may account for this syndrome. We previously described another...

Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). The search for AID-interaction factors has been a major research effort in the field, as the mechanism of preferential targeting of AID to Ig loci remains elusive. CTNNBL1 is one of the few identified AID-interacting factors and has been shown to affect AID-mediated mutation and ge...

Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) is initiated by DNA breaks triggered by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). These breaks activate DNA damage response proteins to promote appropriate repair and long-range recombination. Aberrant processing of these breaks, however, results in decreased CSR and/or increased frequency of illegitimate recombination between the immunoglobuli...

Many definitions for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) were developed by the scholars in the past based on the social, economical, political and environmental context of those periods. There is no unique definition for CSR; rather different definitions during different segments of time represent different dimensions of CSR. This paper explores the dimensions of CSR throughout its history. T...

This paper explains the concept of corporate social responsibility and examines the use of corporate social responsibility in organizational change management. The concept of CSR is well researched but implementation of CSR is not well researched. Here we examine the role of ICT and how it affects CSR. In this paper we see how ICT and CSR facilitate the implementation of change in organization ...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a discourse constructed through the constant dialogue and negotiation between corporations and their different stakeholders. This article examines how leading corporations in the United States and China discuss the rationales, themes, and practices of CSR on their corporate websites through a quantitative content analysis. The results, based on data coll...