BACKGROUND Season of birth (SoB) has been linked with various health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the associations between month of birth (MoB) and adult measures of leg length (LL), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). METHODS We analysed survey data from 10 geographically diverse areas of China obtained through the China Kadoorie Biobank. Analysis included 487 529 a...

The mouse main olfactory bulb (MOB) is commonly used as a mammalian model to study olfactory processing. The genetic techniques available with the mouse make its MOB a powerful model for analysis of neuronal circuitry. The mouse has been used as a mammalian model for all types of MOB neurons, but especially to study the activity of mitral cells. However, mouse mitral cell activity is most commo...

Methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) gain energy from the oxidation of methane and may play important roles in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, the community structure of planktonic MOB was investigated in a subtropical reservoir. Bacterial community structure was investigated through the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Three groups of phylogenetically distinct MOB were detected in the clone li...

The olfactory receptor organs and their primary centers are classified into several types. The receptor organs are divided into fish-type olfactory epithelium (OE), mammal-type OE, middle chamber epithelium (MCE), lower chamber epithelium (LCE), recess epithelium, septal olfactory organ of Masera (SO), mammal-type vomeronasal organ (VNO) and snake-type VNO. The fish-type OE is observed in flatf...

AIMS: To investigate factors associated with pregnancy rate in a number of herds of contract rearing replacement dairy heifers. These factors included the average daily gain of a heifer mob, the average bodyweight of the mob at the start of grazing, the number of heifers in the mob, the length of the grazing period, the breed of heifers, the grazing season and the region from where the heifers ...

Introduction Olfactory stimuli activate different combinations of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium. Since OSNs expressing the same odorant receptor (OR) project axons to the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and innervate the same set of glomeruli in a stereotypic fashion, the activation of OSNs elicited by odorants is transformed to a spatial pattern in the MOB, i.e., an od...

Sensory responses are modulated by internal factors including attention, experience, and brain state. This is partly due to fluctuations in neuromodulatory input from regions such as the noradrenergic locus ceruleus (LC) in the brainstem. LC activity changes with arousal and modulates sensory processing, cognition, and memory. The main olfactory bulb (MOB) is richly targeted by LC fibers and no...

A universal feature of neuronal microcircuits is the presence of GABAergic interneurons that control the activity of glutamatergic principal cells and each other. In the rat main olfactory bulb (MOB), GABAergic granule and periglomerular cells innervate mitral and tufted cells, but the source of their own inhibition remains elusive. Here, we used a combined electrophysiological and morphologica...