Continuous optimization problems are frequently encountered in the fields of mathematics and engineering. Based on their properties, continuous optimization problems can be briefly classified into four categories: unconstrained singleobjective optimization problems (USOPs), constrained single-objective optimization problems (CSOPs), unconstrained multi-objective optimization problems (UMOPs), a...

Mating of compatible haploid cells of Ustilago maydis is essential for infection and disease development in the host. For mating and subsequent filamentous growth and pathogenicity, the transcription factor, prf1 is necessary. Prf1 is in turn regulated by the cAMP and MAPK pathways and other regulators like rop1 and hap1. Here we describe the identification of another putative Prf1 regulator, m...

Disclosure: Prof Matthias Kramer is an employee of Allergy Therapeutics UK Ltd. Prof Ralph Mösges has received consulting and/or speaker’s fees from, and/or conducted contract research for, several companies including ALK, Allergopharma, Bencard, Dr Beckmann, BioTechTools, HAL, Leti, Lofarma, Novartis, Roxall, Merck, and Stallergènes. Prof Randolf Brehler has received consulting and/or speaker‘...

Face recognition has assigned a special place to itself because of its low intrusiveness, low cost and effort and acceptable accuracy. There are several methods for recognition and appearance based methods is one of the most popular one. Unfortunately most of the papers that have been published these years have just shown the results on the databases that are all without any noise and all of fo...