1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a non-protein amino acid acting as the direct precursor of ethylene, a plant hormone regulating a wide variety of vegetative and developmental processes. ACC is the central molecule of ethylene biosynthesis. The rate of ACC formation differs in response to developmental, hormonal and environmental cues. ACC can be conjugated to three derivatives, m...

Since the discovery of MACC as a major metabolite of both endogenous and exogenously applied ACC, it has become evident that the formation of MACC from ACC can act to regulate ethylene production in certain tissues. Hence, it was suggested that MACC could serve as an indicator of water-stress history in plant tissues. The accurate quantification of MACC in plant tissues is essential for the...

BACKGROUND Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer of the pancreas accounting for approximately 1% of nonendocrine tumors. Because no large series of patients with ACC exist, our understanding of this disease comes mainly from small retrospective reports and anecdotal experience. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to evaluate a large population-based cohort of patients with ACC and compare their dem...

The aims of this study were (a) to find a regime of immunization with cholera toxoid in rats which would establish a high density of antitoxin containing cells (ACC) in the lamina propria of the intestine and (b) to determine the origin of the ACC. The best cellular response was achieved by a single i.p. dose of toxoid in FCA followed by an intraintestinal boost 2 wk later. ACC appeared in the ...

Transport and metabolism of [2,3-(14)C] 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) from roots to shoots in 4-day-old sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings were studied. [(14)C]ACC was detected in, and (14)C(2)H(4) was evolved from, shoots 0.5 hours after [(14)C]ACC was supplied to roots. Ethylene emanation from the shoots returned to normal levels after 6 hours. The roots showed a similar...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a known regulator of whole-body energy homeostasis, but the downstream AMPK substrates mediating these effects are not entirely clear. AMPK inhibits fatty acid synthesis and promotes fatty acid oxidation by phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 at Ser79 and ACC2 at Ser212. Using mice with Ser79Ala/Ser212Ala knock-in mutations (ACC DKI) we find ...

We have identified colorectal distension (CRD)-responsive neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and demonstrated that persistence of a heightened visceral afferent nociceptive input to the ACC induces ACC sensitization. In the present study, we confirmed that rostral ACC neurons of sensitized rats [induced by chicken egg albumin (EA)] exhibit enhanced spike responses to CRD. Simultaneo...

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a common brain malformation of variable clinical expression that is seen in many syndromes of various etiologies. Although ACC is predominantly genetic, few genes have as yet been identified. We have constructed and analyzed a comprehensive map of ACC loci across the human genome using data generated from 374 patients with ACC and structural chromosome r...

The medial prefrontal cortex, especially the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), has long been implicated in cognitive control and error processing. Although the association between ACC and behavior has been established, it is less clear how ACC contributes to dysfunctional behavior such as substance dependence. Evidence from neuroimaging studies investigating ACC function in substance user...