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1 . I n t r o d u c t i o n R e c e n t p r o g r e s s i n t h e s t u d y o f b o t h a b s o r p t i v e a n d d i s p e r s i v e b i s t a b i l i t y i n l a s e r d i o d e s (LDs) i s r e v i e w e d / I / . T h e m o s t d i s t i n c t i v e f e a t u r e o f b i s t a b l e LDs i s t h a t t h e y h a v e o p t i c a l g a i n . O p t i c a l g a i n r e s u l t s i n a d v a n t a g...

A n i n s t r u m e n t is d e s c r i b e d w h i c h p e r m i t s t h e m e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e q u a l i t y o f X r a y s i n t e r m s o f t h e h a l f v a l u e l a y e r ( H V L ) o f a s u i t a b l e f i l t e r m a t e r i a l . I t c o n s i s t s o f t w o i o n i z a t i o n c h a m b e r s a d j u s t a b l e i n v o l u m e , w h i c h a r e c o n n e c t e d i n o p p ...

t i o n ) 4 7 : V a r i a b l e d i r e c t l y a f t e r \ i s b o u n d , a n y o c c u r r e n c e a f t e r i s b o u n d t o \ , e l s e f r e e 4 8 : e t a r e d u c t i o n : \ x . f ( x ) > f w h e r e f ( x ) i s a f u n c t i o n 4 9 : R e d u c i n g : r e n a m i n g a n d s u b s t i t u t i n g u n t i l i t i s p u t i n t o n o r m a l f o r m . 5 0 : E x t e n s i o n : s e t o...

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a . t r u e . b . F a l s e . P e o p l e w i t h i m p a i r m e n t s d o n o t l i k e t o b e p i t i e d . I t i s b e t t e r t o t r e a t t h e m w i t h t h e s a m e r e s p e c t a n d d i g n i t y y o u w o u l d s h o w t o p e o p l e w i t h o u t i m p a i r m e n t s . c . F a l s e . I m p a i r m e n t s r e f e r t o t h e p h y s i c a...

O N F E B R U A R Y 17, t h e B r i t i s h W h i t e P a p e r o n a N a t i o n a l H e a l t h Serv i ce was m a d e p u b l i c . O n F e b r u a r y 18, t h e B r i t i s h M e d i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n issued a b r i e f s t a t e m e n t i n d i c a t i n g t h a t , w h i l e i t was c l e a r l y too e a r l y t o g ive a c o n s idered j u d g m e n t , " t h e W h i t e P a p e...

Abs t r ac t : A new o b j e c t e x t r a c t i o n nlgor thm i s sugges t ed ill t h i s paper , which i s basrd on the f e a t u r r d i f f e r e n c e between the o b j e c t s u r f a c e and the t r x t u r e hatkground; In e s sence . t he a lgo r i th l a i s the e x t e n s i o n of t hose a l g o r i t h m s which e x t r a c t o b j e c t s by ana lyz ing the gray d i s t r i b u t ...

determination of the total body absorbed dose consists of two parts: beta radiation absorbed dose and gamma radiation absorbed dose. the first part is generally determined by clinical data, while the second part has a parameter called absorbed ratio and is determined by computational methods. the monte-carlo computational methods have been shown to be the most suitable in determination of the a...