Gravity anomaly data generated using Wenzel’s GPM98A model complete to degree 1800, from which OSU91A has been subtracted, have been used to estimate covariance functions for a set of globally covering equal-area blocks of size 22.5 × 22.5 at Equator, having a 2.5 overlap. For each block an analytic covariance function model was determined. The models are based on 4 parameters: the depth to the...

It is well known that measurement error in observable variables induces bias in estimates in standard regression analysis and that structural equation models (SEM) are a typical solution to this problem. Often, multiple indicator equations are subsumed as part of the SEM model – allowing for consistent estimation of the relevant regression parameters. In many instances, however, embedding the m...

abstract:this study examines the significant impact of exchange rate shock on prices of malaysian importsand exports. in methodology, the study adopts vector error correction (vecm) model using monthlydata of nominal exchange rates, money supply, prices of imports and prices of exports covering theperiod of m1:1999 to m12:2006. for further analysis, we adopt an innovation accounting bysimulatin...

Bell's degree-variance Var$!{}_{B}$ for a graph $G$, with the degree sequence ($d_1,d_2,cdots,d_n$) and size $m$, is defined as$Var!_{B} (G)=frac{1}{n} sum _{i=1}^{n}left[d_{i} -frac{2m}{n}right]^{2}$.In this paper, a new version of the irregularity measures of variance-type, denoted by $Var_q$, is introduced and discussed. Based on a comparative study, it is demonstrated that the n...