Studies have demonstrated that optic nerve transection results in apoptotic cell death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and neurons within lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 was reported to be involved in protecting cells from injury under various pathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. To determine the involvement of Hsp70 in protecting neurons within LGN again...

Oriented cell division is a key regulator of fate and linked to the positioning spindle in mitosis. However, mammals cues that determine planar versus perpendicular remain largely unclear. One candidate polarity protein atypical kinase C (aPKC)l, which regulates orientation vivo epidermis. To study how aPKC controls mitotic orientation, we developed minimal keratinocyte culture system occurs ab...

We performed a nonradioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) study of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the primary visual area (area 17) of the macaque monkey to investigate mRNA expression of the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), a major protein kinase C (PKC) substrate. In the LGN, intense hybridization signals were observed in both magnocellular neur...

Recent research works have focused on generating human models and garments from their 2D images. However, state-of-the-art researches focus either only a single layer of the garment model or multiple layers without any guarantee intersection-free geometric relationship between them. In reality, people wear in daily life, where an inner could be partially covered by outer one. this paper, we try...

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is the thalamic relay of retinal information to cortex. An extensive complement of nonretinal inputs to the LGN combine to modulate the responsiveness of relay cells to their retinal inputs, and thus control the transfer of visual information to cortex. These inputs have been studied in the most detail in the cat. The goal of the present study was to determi...

The function of the corticogeniculate feedback pathway from the striate cortex (V1) to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in primates is not well understood. Insight into possible function can be gained by studying the morphology and projection patterns of corticogeniculate axons in the LGN. The goal of this research was to examine how corticogeniculate axons innervate the functionally specif...

Initial evaluation structures (IESs) currently proposed as the earliest detectors of affective stimuli (e.g., amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, or insula) are high-order (a) whose response latency cannot account for first visual cortex emotion-related (~80 ms), and (b) lack necessary infrastructure to locally analyze features that define emotional stimuli. Several thalamic accomplish both criteri...

Neural degeneration in glaucoma involves retinal ganglion cells and neurons of their major target, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Dendrites of relay LGN neurons projecting to the visual cortex were studied by immunocytochemical and quantitative Sholl analysis in combination with confocal microscopy and 3D-morphometry. In non-human adult primate glaucoma, relay LGN neurons showed reduced ...

We have combined earlier correlation-based models of striate ocular dominance and orientation preference map formation into a joint model. Cortical feature preferences are deened through patterns of synaptic connectivity to LGN cells which develop due to ring correlations of those LGN cells. Model parameters include spatial correlation patterns between ON-and OFF-center cells in separate eye la...