excessive scarring; paralleling the process in tendon reconstruction of the hand. inspired by the advantages of the two-stage technique in tendon grafting and with encouraging preliminary results, we aimed to investigate the two-stage nerve grafting technique as an alternative method of secondary nerve repair. methods:  thirty female rats (~200 g) were randomly distributed into two groups (n=15...

introduction: spinal cord injury (sci) is one of the most serious clinical diseases, which not only affects the patient's physical and mental status, but its effects will be spread to family and community. after severe spinal cord injury, astrocytes of the central nervous system (cns) become reactive astrocytes, and play the main role of glial scar formation. the scar is a major obstacle t...

malaria is currently one of the most important causes of mortality in developing countries. high resistance to available antimalarial drugs has been reported frequently, thus it is crucial to focus on the discovery of new antimalarial drugs. artemisinin, an effective antimalarial medication, is isolated from various artemisia species. to identify the artemisia species producing high quantity of...

The SCAR/WAVE complex drives the actin polymerisation that underlies protrusion of the front of the cell and thus drives migration. However, it is not understood how the activity of SCAR/WAVE is regulated to generate the infinite range of cellular shape changes observed during cell motility. What are the relative roles of the subunits of the SCAR/WAVE complex? What signaling molecules do they i...

Structural and molecular changes in the guinea pig organ of Corti were studied using histochemistry and electron microscopy in the course of drug-induced hair cell degeneration. Actin filaments disappear from the cuticular plate and the stereocilia. An actin-rich bridge appears in the apical region of dying hair cells. Two supporting cells form a scar for a given hair cell. The supporting cells...

introduction : open rhinoplasty is very common now a days and the number of candidate for this type of surgery are increasing. this research was conducted regarding to the prevalence of rhinoplasty surgery , the importance of the residual scar analyze including columellar scar after surgery, different results caused by the effect of incision type in this surgery and lack of enough data and expe...

BACKGROUND Mismatch between myocardial innervation and perfusion assessed with positron emission tomography (PET) is a potential risk marker for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. This mismatch zone originates from residual viable myocardium that has sustained ischemic nerve injury. Heterogenic scar size assessed with late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) cardiac magneti...

Closure of donor site of the flap has special problems. Reduction of this site will decrease the morbidity of operation. In this study, we present our experience in donor site size reduction. METHODS Between 2006 and 2008, 15 patients with skin and soft tissue defects underwent operation. In all patients, coverage of defect was performed with various flaps. Substratum horizontal mat-tress sut...

introduction:  the aim of this study was to compare the preventive effects of corticosteroids and curcumin on subglottic stenosis in an animal model.  materials and methods: twenty-one male german shepherd dogs were used for this study. after standardized trauma to the subglottic area, the dogs were divided into three groups. group a received curcumin (450 mg/ day) for 15 days; group b received...

abstract a32 year-old multigravid patient with 10 weeks of pregnancy was referred to the emergency ward with massive vaginal bleeding and preshock state. suction curettage, laparotomy, uterine artery ligation, macdonald cerclage, and hysterectomy was done, in that order. after hysterectomy and massive transfusion she recovered. when a diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy is made in the emergenc...