An incoherent combination of laser radiation from multiple sources into a single near-diffraction-limited beam is an important problem of high power laser design. Energy brightness, but not spectral brightness, can be increased using spectral beam combining (SBC). Initially, SBC was proposed on the basis of conventional surface gratings [1]; however, it was found later that volume Bragg grating...

A case of Stafne bone cavity (SBC) affecting the body of the mandible of a 51-year-old female is reported. The imaging modalities included panoramic radiograph, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Panoramic radiograph and CT were able to determine the outline of the cavity and its three dimensional shape, but failed to precisely diagnose the soft tissue content of the ...

Portal hypertension (PHT) is a rare complication associated with choledochal cysts. Management issues of PHT patients are inadequately addressed, as its incidence is low and underlying causes variable. We report three cases of choledochal cyst with PHT. All patients had type IVa choledochal cysts, and the causes of PHT were secondary biliary cirrhosis (SBC) (two cases) and alcoholic liver disea...

Introduction Mild hypothermia has become an effective neuroprotective strategy following head trauma, cardiac arrest and neonatal asphyxia. However, cooling the whole body below 33-34°C can induce severe complications; therefore, selective brain cooling (SBC) could minimize adverse effects by maintaining core body temperature at normal values over an extended period of time. Recently, we develo...

The purpose of this study is to define the issues in evaluating the usability of pen-tablet systems (PTS) with server-based computing (SBC) in hospital settings. For five subjects with PTS operation, we measured the delay of drawing under SBC environments and compared it with the results of questionnaires from subjects. It was found that the relation of the usability with the drawing velocity a...

Equilibrium canonical distribution in statistical mechanics assumes weak system-bath coupling (SBC). In real physical situations this assumption can be invalid, and equilibrium quantum statistics of the system may be noncanonical. By exploiting both polaron transformation and perturbation theory in a spin-boson model, an analytical treatment is advocated to study noncanonical statistics of a tw...

Neuronal inhibition is crucial for temporally precise and reproducible signaling in the auditory brainstem. Previously we showed that for various synthetic stimuli, spherical bushy cell (SBC) activity in the Mongolian gerbil is rendered sparser and more reliable by subtractive inhibition (Keine et al., 2016). Here, employing environmental stimuli, we demonstrate that the inhibitory gain control...

Angiogenesis is mediated mainly by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF causes rapid growth in cancers, including human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The anti-angiogenic strategy of treating cancer using VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibition is currently of great interest. We tested the effects of the VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) vandetanib on the proliferation of two kinds...