A large proportion of coup attempts in autocracies occur in the aftermath of elections, yet little systematic research exists on the topic. Drawing on recent literature on elections in autocracies, we present an argument to explain postelection coups. While we recognize that electoral institutions have the potential to stabilize autocracies, we illustrate that the election event can spark insta...

Linear morphea in an en coup de sabre pattern is a variant of localized scleroderma that develops on the frontal or frontoparietal scalp. Approximately two-thirds of cases occur before the age of 18. The etiology is unknown, but the disease is thought to be most likely autoimmune in nature. Between 50% and 75% of these patients have been found to have a positive serum antinuclear antibody (ANA)...

95 Pacific Economic Bulletin volume 24 number 2 july 2009 © the australian national University This article examines the volatility in Fiji’s foreign reserves—in particular, whether shocks have an asymmetrical effect on volatility and whether shocks have a persistent impact on volatility. In the pre-coup period (1975–86), shocks had a temporary effect on volatility; in the coup period (1987–200...

Linear scleroderma represents a unique form of localized scleroderma that primarily affects the pediatric population, with 67% of patients diagnosed before 18 years of age. When linear scleroderma occurs on the head, it is referred to as linear scleroderma en coup de sabre, given the resemblance of the skin lesions to the stroke of a sabre. Here we describe 3 pediatric patients with linear scle...

Specification of endothelial cell (EC) fate during vascular development is controlled by distinct key regulators. While Notch plays an essential role in induction of arterial phenotypes, COUP-TFII is required to maintain the venous EC identity. Homeodomain transcription factor Prox1 functions to reprogram venous ECs to lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Here, we report that the venous EC fate ...

We show that the computational power of the non-causal circuit model, i.e. the circuit model where the assumption of a global causal order is replaced by the assumption of logical consistency, is completely characterized by the complexity class UP∩coUP. An example of a problem in that class is factorization. Our result implies that classical deterministic closed timelike curves (CTCs) cannot ef...

Existing theories of coups against democracy emphasize that elites mount coups when democracy is particularly threatening to their interests. But holding interests constant, some potential plotters may have more influence over whether or not a coup succeeds. We develop a model where coups generate rents for elites and show that the likelihood of elite participation is increasing in their networ...

UP is the class of languages accepted by polynomial-time nondeterministic Turing machines that have at most one accepting path. We show that the quadratic residue problem belongs to UP ∩ coUP. This affirmatively answers an open problem, discussed in Theory of Computational Complexity (Du and Ko, 2000), of whether the quadratic nonresidue problem is in NP. We generalize to higher powers and show...