In the rats fed on lactose-containing purified diet (PDL), bifidobacteria remarkably increased in number in both the jejunum and cecum as compared with those fed on control diet (PD) or conventional diet (NMF). Besides, lactobacilli, streptococci, staphylococci, and Escherichia coli increased in number in the jejuna and/or ceca of rats fed on PDL as compared with those fed on PD. The incidence ...

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in sarcoidosis is rare and typically occurs in 5-10% of patients. Neurological symptoms in a patient with known sarcoidosis can be attributed to neurosarcoidosis without thorough evaluation. Primary Dural Lymphoma (PDL) is an extremely rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although PDL is technically a subtype of primary CNS lymphoma, the two entities vary ...

Preface This guide is intended to knit together, and extend, the existing PP and C documentation on PDL internals. It draws heavily from prior work by the authors of the code. Special thanks go to Christian Soeller, and Tuomas Lukka, who together with Glazebrook conceived and implemented PDL and PP; and to Chris Marshall, who has led the PDL development team through several groundbreaking relea...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Once tissue destruction has occurred, the differentiation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells into osteoblasts plays an important role in repairing the oral cavity. METHODS In this work, we measured the proliferation and differentiation of PDL cells after fluid shear stress (FSS) treatment by ALP activity assays and in vitro mineralization assays respectively. The levels of mi...

Mechanical stress induces human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells to express an osteoblastic phenotype in vitro. Core binding factor a1 (CBFA1) is a key regulator of osteoblast differentiation. This study was designed to investigate the role of CBFA1 in alveolar bone remodelling, specifically the expression of CBFA1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in human PDL cells under mechanical stress and its up- and ...

BACKGROUND The periodontal ligament (PDL), connective tissue located between the cementum of teeth and alveolar bone of the mandibula, plays an important role in the maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues. We reported previously that endoglin was involved in the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mouse PDL cells, which is associated with Smad-2 phosphorylation but not Smad...

It is critical to clarify orthodontic load transfer mechanism from tooth to alveolar bone, and to determine the influence of applied orthodontic force on tooth behaviour. In this study, two dimensional (2-D) finite element (FE) models were constructed to simulate to mechanical behaviour observed during the initial movement of periodontal ligament (PDL) deformation, and to evaluate the effects o...

The periodontal ligament (PDL), connective tissue located between the cementum of teeth and alveolar bone of the mandibula, plays a crucial role in the maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues. We previously reported that endoglin was involved in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mouse PDL cells, which is associated with Smad-2 phosphorylati...

For a class L of languages let PDL[L] be an extension of Propositional Dynamic Logic which allows programs to be in a language of L rather than just to be regular. If L contains a non-regular language, PDL[L] can express non-regular properties, in contrast to pure PDL. For regular, visibly pushdown and deterministic context-free languages, the separation of the respective PDLs can be proven by ...

We express Brewka’s prioritised default logic (PDL) as argumentation using ASPIC. By representing PDL as argumentation and designing an argument preference relation that takes the argument structure into account, we prove that the conclusions of the justified arguments correspond to the PDL extensions. We will first assume that the default priority is total, and then generalise to the case wher...