influenza A subtypes in black-headed gulls to understand influenza disease dynamics M.J. Poen, J.H. Verhagen, F.A. Majoor, N.S. Lewis, T. Kuiken, M.C.M. De Jong, R.A.M. Fouchier, Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Sovon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK and Department Quan...

Abstract In the Old Testament, term ‘Lepra’ was used to describe many skin diseases, including psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, alopecia areata and boils. The word ‘leprosy’ derived from this previously as a generic that included multiple inflammatory dermatological diseases. It disorder of great religious significance during ancient times, with intense stigmatization—‘lepers’ were pronounced uncle...

Recent studies have indicated that laser direct metal deposition can be used for repairing deep or internal cracks and defects in metallic components. In order to implement the method, it is necessary to machine a groove or slot to the depth of the defect and refill it. This work investigates advantages and potential problems with the technique and compares the results from using two different ...

Abstract: mechanical properties of AISIH 13 hot-work tool steel have been studied. Cast samples made of the modified new steel were homogenized and austenitized at different conditions, followed by tempering at the specified temperature ranges. Hardness, red hardness, three point bending test and Charpy impact test were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties together with characteriz...

In wild aquatic birds and poultry around the world, influenza A viruses carrying 15 antigenic subtypes of hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 antigenic subtypes of neuraminidase (NA) have been described. Here we describe a previously unidentified antigenic subtype of HA (H16), detected in viruses circulating in black-headed gulls in Sweden. In agreement with established criteria for the definition of anti...