Application of gibberellin A(53) (GA(53)) to short-day (SD)-grown spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants caused an increase in petiole length and leaf angle similar to that found in plants transferred to long days (LD). [(2)H] GA(53) was fed to plants in SD, LD, and in a SD to LD transition experiment, and the metabolites were identified by gas chromatography with selected ion monitoring. After ...

Purine-rich (GA)- and (GT)-containing oligophosphorothioates were investigated for their triplex-forming potential on a 23 bp DNA duplex target. In our system, GA-containing oligophosphorothioates (23mer GA-PS) were capable of triplex formation with binding affinities lower than (GA)-containing oligophosphodiesters (23mer GA-PO). The orientation of the third strand 23mers GA-PS and GA-PO was an...

In this study, novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes modified with a liver-targeting galactosylated derivative ligand (Gal) were prepared using a film-dispersion method. To characterize the samples, particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency were performed. Moreover, plasma and tissues were pre-treated by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by high-performanc...

: We have investigated the initial stage of hydrolysis process of Ga-terminated GaN surfaces by using first-principles theoretical calculations. We found that the activation barrier of H2O dissociation at the kinked site of the Ga-terminated GaN surface is about 0.8 eV, which is significantly lower than that at the stepped site of about 1.2 eV. This is consistent with the experimental observati...

The use of immunoaffinity columns containing anti-gibberellin (GA) antibodies for the selective purification of GAs in plant extracts is described. GA(1), GA(3), GA(4), GA(5), GA(7), and GA(9) conjugates to bovine serum albumin were synthesized and used to elicit anti-GA polyclonal antibodies (Abs) in rabbits. Protein A purified rabbit serum, containing a mixture of anti-GA Abs, was immobilized...

Gibberellins A(12) (GA(12)), GA(53), GA(44), GA(19), GA(17), GA(20), GA(29), GA(1), and GA(8) have been identified from extracts of vegetative shoots of normal (wild type) maize using full scan capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Kovats retention indices. Seven of these gibberellins (GAs) have been quantified by capillary gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using internal ...