نتایج جستجو برای: طبقهبندی jel h52
تعداد نتایج: 27677 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Standard economic analysis holds that labor market rigidities are harmful for job creation and typically increase unemployment. But many orthodox reforms of the labor market have proved di±cult to implement because of political opposition. For these reasons it is important to explain why we observe such regulations. In this paper I outline a theory of how they may arise and why they ̄t together...
Context. Observations with the Hinode spectro-polarimeter have revealed strong horizontal internetwork magnetic fields in the quiet solar photosphere. Aims. We aim at interpreting the observations by means of results from numerical simulations. Methods. Radiative MHD simulations of dynamo action by near-surface convection are analyzed with respect to the relation between vertical and horizontal...
در این پژوهش تغییرات خط ساحلی جنوب دریای مازندران حد فاصل شهرستان بندرانزلی تا دهانه سد سفیدرود به کمک تصاویر ماهوارهای و با هدف مقایسه تکنیکهای سنجش از دور طبقهبندی سری etm+ و tm پیکسل پایه و شئگرا انجام پذیرفت. در این پژوهش از 6 تصویر سنجنده های ماهواره های لندست از سال 1988 تا سال 2012 استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از ادغام تصاویر، نشان داد که روش موجک، برتری قابل توجهی نسبت به سایر روشها دارد....
We present experimental evidence on the impact of a school choice program in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) that provided students with a voucher to finance attending a private school of their choice. The study design featured a unique two-stage lottery-based allocation of vouchers that created both a student-level and a market-level experiment, which allows us to study both the indivi...
Education System Reform in Pakistan: Why, When, and How? Pakistan’s education system faces long-standing problems in access, quality, and equal opportunity at every level: primary and secondary schools, higher education and vocational education. In spite of recent encouraging trends, such as the rapid spread of private schooling and an expansion of higher education opportunities, systemic refor...
In order to contest elections in Pakistan in 2002, all candidates for the lower House of Parliament had to have graduated with a Bachelors degree or higher. This unique policy experiment disquali ed 60 of the 207 legislators elected in the 1997 election, allowing us to identify the causal e¤ect of legislator education on policy outcomes for the rst time; the outcome we study is their developme...
One in five children in England are recorded as having some kind of special educational need, meaning that they receive additional help in school; yet there is very little evidence of the effect of such assistance on pupil’s academic progress. This is at least partly because it is usually very difficult to define an appropriate control group for pupils with special educational needs. To overcom...
In 2003 Kenya abolished user fees in all government primary schools. We find that this Free Primary Education (FPE) policy resulted in a decline in public school quality and increased demand for private schooling. However, the former did not reflect a decline in value added by public schools as anticipated if fees contribute to local accountability but rather the selection of weaker pupils into...
The Economics of International Differences in Educational Achievement An emerging economic literature over the past decade has made use of international tests of educational achievement to analyze the determinants and impacts of cognitive skills. The cross-country comparative approach provides a number of unique advantages over national studies: It can exploit institutional variation that does ...
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