Overconfidence is a well-established behavioral phenomenon that involves an overestimation of own capabilities. We introduce a model, in which managers and agents exert effort in a joint production, after the manager decides on the allocation of the tasks. A rational manager tends to delegate the critical task to the agent more often than given by the efficient task allocation. In contrast, an ...

XINAN ZHANG∗, LAN ZOU†, JING CHEN‡, YILE FANG§, JICAI HUANG∗, JINHUI ZHANG¶, SANHONG LIU‖, GUANGTING FENG∗∗, CUIHONG YANG∗ and SHIGUI RUAN∗,‡,†† ∗School of Mathematics and Statistics Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China †Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China ‡Department of Mathematics, University of Miami Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA §Dep...

Species have been adapted to specific niches optimizing survival and reproduction; however, urbanization by humans has dramatically altered natural habitats. Artificial light at night (LAN), termed 'light pollution', is an often overlooked, yet increasing disruptor of habitats, which perturbs physiological processes that rely on precise light information. For example, LAN alters the timing of r...

In this research, we propose an architectural solution to integrate the video voice over IP (V2oIP) services in campus environment network and tested over LAN and WAN. Voice over IP (VoIP) technology has become a discussion issue for this time being. Today, the deployment of this technology on an organization truly can give a great financial benefit over traditional telephony. Therefore, this s...

The List of Available Names in Zoology (LAN) is an inventory of names with specific scope in time and content, presented and approved in parts, and constituted as a cumulative index of names available for use in zoological nomenclature. It was defined in Article 79 in the fourth edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The LAN is likely to gain importance with the developme...

Life on earth is entrained to a 24 h solar cycle that synchronizes circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior; light is the most potent entraining cue. In mammals, light is detected by (1) rods and cones, which mediate visual function, and (2) intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which primarily project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus to regul...